background: newcastle disease virus (ndv) is the causativeagent of the newcastle disease (nd), a highly contagiousdisease in birds that causes significant economic losses to thepoultry industry worldwide. nd is endemic in iran and outbreaksare reported regularly in commercial poultry flocks and differentspecies of birds. objectives:the current study was carried outto characterize ndv based on p...

Dengue is a vector-borne disease caused by dengue virus. According to the recent report of CDC that one-third population of the world are at high risk with Dengue fever. The prevalence of the dengue hemorrhagic fever was found more in tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. Aedes mosquitoes was reported as the main cause of transmission of dengue virus. So the current study was planned ...

in recent years, symptoms of a viral disease including streak mosaic, leaf blade malformation, and thickness (scrawniness) of raceme have been observed in the vast areas of grain fields in golestan province. in order to identify the causes of this disease, detection of wheat streak mosaic virus (wsmv) in cultivated hosts including wheat, dominant weeds of fields involving barnyardgrass (echinoc...

Since, the most susceptible laboratory animal to Foot–and–Mouth disease virus (FMDV) is guinea pig, and then one milliliter of FMDV type (O) concentrations of 106-106.5 TCID50was inoculated intradermally (ID) to 10 plantar surface of guinea pig (right side). Guinea pig adapted virus has been prepared after generalization phase, and then one milliliter of virus was inoculated intradermally to 30...

the genus ebola virus first was recognized in 1976, when two outbreaks occurred in zaire and sudan. ebola virus disease (evd) is a highly contagious disease that can affect both human and nonhuman primates: zaire ebolavirus (zebov), sudan ebolavirus (sebov), côte d’ivoire ebolavirus (cebov), bundibugyo ebolavirus (bebov) and reston ebolavirus (rebov) are five members of the filoviridae family t...

cucumber mosaic virus (cmv) is one of the causal agents of viral diseases that infected mint (mentha spp.). cmv is a member of the cucumovirus genus in  bromoviridae family. the virus is naturally transmitted by aphids in a non-persistent manner.during  growing season 2007-2008, leaf samples from plants of mint fields with symptoms of viral disease were collected in mint fieldas in tehran provi...

Nowadays viral hepatitis is one of the most common and important causes of chronic liver disorders in the world. Extrahepatic manifestations of viral hepatitis consist a main part of the disease. The main viruses causing hepatitis include Hepatitis A, B and C viruses. Herein common skin manifestations in hepatitis C virus (HCV) are discussed. Chronic hepatitis causes skin disorders both directl...

human infection with avian influenza a h7n9 virus has emerged in china with high morbidity rates. patients usually present with severe and rapidly progressive pneumonia. therefore, radiological findings are important to diagnose and evaluate disease severity. the clinical characteristics of three new cases of h7n9 virus infection were analyzed, especially the radiological findings, and previous...

  Ebola virus disease (formerly known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever) is a severe, often fatal illness, with a death rate of up to 90%. The illness affects humans and nonhuman primates (monkeys, gorillas, and chimpanzees). Ebola first appeared in 1976 in two simultaneous outbreaks, one in a village near the Ebola River in the Democratic Republic of Congo, and the other in a remote area of Sudan. T...