In Mandarin Chinese, the space-time word “前 /qian” is used to express both the spatial concept of front/forward and the temporal concept of early/before (e.g., “前天/qiantian”, literally front day, meaning the day before yesterday). This is consistent with the fact that Mandarin speakers can gesture to the front of the body to refer to a past event, and more generally can have past-in-front space...

Increased oxidative stress is known to accelerate age-related pathologies. Beta-cryptoxanthin (β-CRX, (3R)-β,β-caroten-3-ol) is a potent antioxidant that is highly rich in Satsuma mandarin orange (mandarin), which is the most popular fruit in Japan. We investigated the antioxidative and anti-aging effects of β-CRX and mandarin using senescence-accelerated mice (SAMP10), which were characterized...

Much work on ellipsis has been conducted using data from English, and many widely acknowledged types of ellipsis exist in English. The extent to which the named ellipsis mechanisms exist in other languages is, though, often not clear. This manuscript surveys ellipsis in Mandarin Chinese using a dependency-based approach to syntax. It probes to see which ellipsis mechanisms exist in Mandarin. Th...

in recent years, anthracnose disease of citrus has caused and contiunes to cause heavy losses to some citrus commercial tree varieties in mazandaran province. this disease is deeply spread out in the citrus orchards of the province. in order to isolate and identify the causal agent or agents of the disease, random sampling was done from infected trees during 2004-2005. in lab, samples were cult...

Abstract Across languages, structures with non-canonical word order have been shown to be problematic for both child and adult heritage speakers. To investigate the linguistic child-level factors that modulate speakers’ difficulties orders, we examined comprehension production of three Mandarin in 5- 9-year-old Mandarin-English children compared them age-matched Mandarin-speaking monolingual ad...

Purpose To evaluate the effects of mandarin orange yogurt containing nobiletin and β-lactoglobulin on the allergic conjunctivitis induced by a conjunctival allergen challenge (CAC). Methods Experiment 1 was performed on 26 asymptomatic patients (age, 25.3 ± 5.3 years) with proven seasonal allergic conjunctivitis due to cedar pollen. We compared the degree of conjunctivitis induced by CAC befo...

Mandarin Chinese has two orthographic systems: Chinese characters and Pinyin. While Pinyin is transparent to Mandarin pronunciation, characters are opaque and seldom relate to sound. This study aims to find out the effect of these two systems on Cantonese listeners who are L2 learners of Mandarin. Native Hong Kong Cantonese speakers participated in word recognition experiments which included a ...

This paper presents a study of the similarity between Cantonese and Mandarin spoken and written texts. Spontaneous speech in Cantonese consists of colloquial and filler phrases but it’s keywords similar to Mandarin. We use a statistical tool to extract Cantonese phrases from a spontaneous speech database. We collected using a Wizard-of-Oz setup. More fillers are collected from written Cantonese...

The speech intelligibility of Mandarin Chinese sentences of various spectral regions, regarding band-stop conditions (one or two “holes” in the spectrum), was investigated through subjective listening tests. Results demonstrated significant effects on Mandarin Chinese sentence intelligibilities when a single or a pair of spectral holes was introduced. Meanwhile, it revealed the importance of th...