While instrument myopia is known to occur when microscopes are used, little is known about the accommodation response during microscopy, or about the factors which may alter the magnitude of instrument myopia. In addition, there has been no real-time objective measurement of instrument myopia during the microscopy task. Twenty inexperienced subjects and 10 experienced microscopists (average wor...

The available evidence suggests that both genes and environment play a crucial role in the development of juvenile onset myopia. When the human visual system is examined from an evolutionary perspective, it becomes apparent that humans, living in the original environmental niche (hunter-gatherer) for which our species is genetically adapted, are either slightly hypermetropic or emmetropic and r...

The incidence of myopia is constantly on the rise. Patients of high myopia and pathological myopia are young and can lose vision due to a number of degenerative changes occurring at the macula. With the emergence of new technologies such as swept-source optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography, our understanding of macular pathology in myopia has improved significantly. New condit...

PURPOSE To determine the prevalence and associations of myopia in schoolchildren in provincial Western China. METHODS In the school-based observational cross-sectional Gobi Desert Children Eye Study, cylcoplegic refractometry as part of a comprehensive ophthalmic examination was performed in all schools in the oasis region of Ejina. Out of 1911 eligible children, 1565 (81.9%) children with a ...

PURPOSE Myopia is a global public health issue; however, no information exists as to how potential myopia retardation strategies are being adopted globally. METHODS A self-administrated, internet-based questionnaire was distributed in six languages, through professional bodies to eye care practitioners globally. The questions examined: awareness of increasing myopia prevalence, perceived effi...

purpose: to evaluate the visual outcomes of lasik in myopic eyes. methods: this interventional case series was performed on records of 345 eyes of 179 patients for correcting myopia with astigmatism < 3.00 diopter (d). all patients were operated by one surgeon (h.n.) with the nidek ec 5000 excimer laser. all patients had at least one year follow up. based on preoperative refraction, patients we...

purpose: to determine the effect of photorefractive keratectomy (prk) on improvement of involuntary eye movements and visual functions in myopic patients with congenital nystagmus. methods: this prospective interventional case series included patients with congenital nystagmus and myopia ≥ -1 d who underwent prk over a 2-year period. complete ophthalmological examinations including visual acuit...

purpose : to compare the visual and refractive outcomes of laser in situ keratomileusis (lasik) versus laser assisted subepithelial keratectomy (lasek) in the treatment of low to moderate myopia and astigmatism methods : a retrospective comparative case series study comprised 2,474 eyes of patients with manifest refraction spherical component lower than -5.00 diopters (d) and cylinder component...

PURPOSE To investigate visual activities before and after the onset of juvenile myopia. METHODS The subjects were 731 incident myopes (-0.75 D or more myopia on cycloplegic autorefraction in both meridians) and 587 emmetropes (between -0.25 and +1.00 D) in the Collaborative Longitudinal Evaluation of Ethnicity and Refractive Error (CLEERE) Study. Parents supplied visual activity data annually...

Children who spend more time outdoors are less likely to become myopic. One possible mechanism is that time outdoors prevents myopia because bright visible light increases retinal dopamine release, which inhibits axial elongation. This hypothesis has substantial support from animal experimentation. It has been proposed alternatively that exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light outdoors prevents myop...