An enormous diversity of antigenically distinct proteins is found in seminal plasma. These include proteases, protease inhibitors, signal transduction molecules, protein kinases and phosphatases, transporter proteins, structural molecules, and immune response proteins. Sperm, too, carry a plethora of surface proteins; these mediate species-specific binding to the zona pellucida surrounding the ...

Background: Methylphenidate commonly known as Ritalin is one of the most common medications. The administration of Ritalin leads to increase of the activity of central nervous system. Because of this property, Ritalin may be used for maintaining alertness and improving of attention which may lead to increase of the risk of substance abuse in some cases. There is a little data about the effects ...

Objective(s): Sugar cane molasses is a commonly used ingredient in several food products. Contrasting reports suggest that molasses may have potential adverse or beneficial effects on human health. However, little evidence exists that examines the effects of molasses on the different physiological systems. This study investigated the effects of sugar cane molasses on various physiological syste...

In mammals, species with highly male-biased sexual size dimorphism tend to have high variance in male reproductive success. However, little information is available on patterns of sexual selection, variation in male and female reproductive success, and body size and mating success in species with female-biased size dimorphism. We used parentage data from microsatellite DNA loci to examine these...

Estrogen is synthesized in the male reproductive system and is found in high concentrations in rete testis and seminal fluids. This luminal estrogen targets estrogen receptors (ER) along the male reproductive tract, and in particular the efferent ductules, where ERalpha is abundant. However, both ERalpha and ERbeta are found in various regions of the male reproductive tract. The transgenic ER k...

Male reproductive health refers to a man’s ability to procreate, and to bring a living being into existence. Male reproductive health has social and psychological impact on normal life (Smith et al., 2009). A normal male reproductive health is a compound result of normal functioning of male reproductive system. In the last 50 years, a significant decrease in human fertility has been observed. I...

For over 15 years, reproductive toxicologists have explored the physiological outcomes and mechanism of fetal phthalate exposure to determine the risk posed to human male reproductive health. This review examines the fetal male reproductive system response to phthalate exposure across species including rat, mouse, and human, with emphasis on the testis. In the rat, in utero phthalate exposure c...

We investigated the long-term estrogenic influence of genistein on the male reproductive system in mice. Newborn ICR male mice were treated with genistein (10, 100, or 1,000 microg/mouse) for neonatal 5 days. As positive control, administration of diethylstilbestrol (0.5-50 microg/mouse) was carried out. In mice exposed to genistein,we examined weight of testes, sperm counts, sperm motility, an...