T HREE randomised clinical trials on the effects of male circumcision on HIV acquisition in men have been stopped by their data safety and management boards as the interim analyses showed a large protective effect, in the range of 50 to 60%. It is not only this large effect that makes male circumcision very appealing as an intervention for HIV prevention. Male circumcision is a one-time interve...

Sexual selection can operate before and after copulation and the same or different trait(s) can be targeted during these episodes of selection. The direction and form of sexual selection imposed on characters prior to mating has been relatively well described, but the same is not true after copulation. In general, when male-male competition and female choice favor the same traits then there is ...

Insect genitalia exhibit rapid divergent evolution. Truly extraordinary structures have evolved in some groups, presumably as a result of postmating sexual selection. To increase our understanding of this phenomenon, we studied the function of one such structure. The male genitalia of Callosobruchus subinnotatus (Coleoptera: Bruchinae) contain a pair of jaw-like structures with unknown function...

BACKGROUND The objective of this study is to estimate the incidence of genital warts in Hong Kong and explore a way to establish a surveillance system for genital warts among the Hong Kong general population. METHODS A total of 170 private doctors and all doctors working in the 5 local Social Hygiene Clinics (SHC) participated in this study. During the 14-day data collection period (January 5...

BACKGROUND The dermoscopic features of vulvar melanosis lesions are well known. To our knowledge, there are only a few case reports about dermoscopic features of pigmented genital lesions in male patients. OBJECTIVE To evaluate dermoscopic and clinical characteristics of benign lesions of the genital area in both males and females, and to assess the distinguishing dermoscopic criteria of vulv...

Therapists certified in lymphedema management are skilled and prepared to address male genital edema mainly through manual lymphatic drainage and compression bandaging. That being said, there remains a need to further develop and establish treatment protocols in this area of edema management, especially in inpatient, acute care hospital settings. Many individuals who are hospitalized for variou...

among the female sexual hormones, the estrogen and progesterone are of significant importance. these hormones are prescribed for the treatment of certain female genital system disorders as well as used in the synthesis of contraceptive drugs. it has been shown that administration of the above hor mones during early pregnancy may produce abortion in early gestational days. in the present investi...

Haemangioendothelioma is a rare tumor that is both clinically and histologically intermediate between angiosarcoma and haemangioma. It is usually a solitary, slow-growing nodule on distal areas or extremities. The onset is frequently before 25 years of age with a male preponderance. Histologically, two components are important: dilated vascular channels and spindle cells elements with som...

Rat somatosensory cortex contains a large sexually monomorphic genital representation. Genital cortex undergoes an unusual 2-fold expansion during puberty. Here, we investigate genital cortex development and female rat sexual maturation. Ovariectomies and estradiol injections suggested sex hormones cause the pubertal genital cortex expansion but not its maintenance at adult size. Genital cortex...

Genitalia are conspicuously variable, even in closely related taxa that are otherwise morphologically very similar. Explaining genital diversity is a longstanding problem that is attracting renewed interest from evolutionary biologists. New studies provide ever more compelling evidence that sexual selection is important in driving genital divergence. Importantly, several studies now link variat...