Purpose Industrial construction projects are heavily dependent on pre-fabrication of piping components. Unlike traditional manufacturing, many pipe spools have a unique design and need to be custom fabricated due to the one-of-a-kind characteristic of each industrial project. This is reflected in the fact that fabrication sequences vary greatly among pipe spools. Planning these sequences has co...

the quran only briefly mentions the general principles of foreign policy making these principles are categorized here as: (1) the principle of domination denial , (2) the jihad principle , (3) the principle of respecting intrernational treaties. these priniciples constitute the basic guide lines of foreign policy making in an islamic state.

Yuchanyan Cave in Daoxian County, Hunan Province (People's Republic of China), yielded fragmentary remains of 2 or more ceramic vessels, in addition to large amounts of ash, a rich animal bone assemblage, cobble and flake artifacts, bone tools, and shell tools. The artifacts indicate that the cave was a Late Paleolithic foragers' camp. Here we report on the radiocarbon ages of the sediments bas...

Single- and two-phase flow characterization using optical fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) is presented. The sensor unit consists of the optical fiber Bragg grating positioned transversely to the flow and fixed in the pipe walls. The hydrodynamic pressure applied by the liquid or air/liquid flow to the optical fiber induces deformation that can be detected by the FBG. Given that the applied pressure...

Arc-shaped forceps are important in pharyngeal cancer surgery, endoscopic sinus surgery, and single port surgery. Rotating the gripper of an arc-shaped forceps with respect to its shaft axis can improve the manipulability of the forceps. Concentric pipe structures consisting of inner and outer pipes are often used for this purpose. The inner pipe transmits rotations from its proximal end to dis...

To systematically review the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and compare the survival rates and complications of all-ceramic fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) with those of metal-ceramic FDPs. Eligible studies were retrieved in relevant electronic databases from their inception to June 8th, 2016. Then, quality of the included studies was assessed using Cochrane Collaboration’s tool. Heterogene...

K. Janiszewski, Silesian University of Technology, Department of Metallurgy, Katowice, Poland. Hitherto existing investigations concerning the ceramic fi lter use in the steel making processes (both of laboratory and industrial scale) have given good results. The obtained results of fi ltration (in the laboratory) have proved that this method may be used as an eff ective and cheap way of steel ...

Ceramic foams are a new structural material, characterized by a high porosity and a large surface area and made of megapores interconnected by filaments. This results in a structure with low resistance to fluid flow, making them appropriate for use as a filter. This work studies the influence of several structural parameters, such as porosity, tortuosity, surface area and pore diameter, in pred...

The functioning of the first type, the flue or labial pipe, was already investigated within previous extensive research projects. The second pipe type, the reed pipe, is less often installed in pipe organs, and only little research was done in this field so far. This is why this pipe type is now the focus of research of the working group ‚Musical Acoustics ‘ at the Fraunhofer Institute for Buil...

In Oil & Gas industry, the high internal sound pressure levels in pipe lines often cause significant structural vibrations. Quantification of acoustic pressures is therefore an important step understanding global fluid–structure behaviour such systems. However, direct measurements are not possible since they generally require intrusive access to interior. this paper inverse procedure proposed i...