An investigation was carried out to determine whether a Day 28 to 49 dietary vitamin, trace mineral, and vitamin plus trace mineral premix withdrawal would impact Pectoralis major thiamin or riboflavin concentration in chicks reared under thermoneutral (24 C) and heat-stressed (24 to 35 C) conditions. No significant (P > 0.1) environment by nutrient withdrawal interactions were detected. Heat s...

A 17-amino acid arginine-rich peptide from the bovine immunodeficiency virus Tat protein has been shown to bind with high affinity and specificity to bovine immunodeficiency virus transactivation response element (TAR) RNA, making contacts in the RNA major groove near a bulge. We show that, as in other peptide-RNA complexes, arginine and threonine side chains make important contributions to bin...

MHC class I expression is subject to both tissue-specific and hormonal regulatory mechanisms. Consequently, levels of expression vary widely among tissues, with the highest levels of class I occurring in the lymphoid compartment, in T cells and B cells. Although the high class I expression in B cells is known to involve the B cell enhanceosome, the molecular basis for high constitutive class I ...

This study describes an interrenal stress response in adult toads, Bufo terrestris, after exposure to coal combustion waste (characterized by a variety of trace elements). In the first portion of this study, free-ranging male toads captured at the coal ash polluted site exhibited significantly higher circulating levels of corticosterone (B) in both June/July and August than conspecifics capture...

Twenty-one minerals are considered to be nutritionally essential, or probably essential, to the animal. Depending on the quantities required by the animal, they can be grouped into major minerals and trace (minor) elements. Of the major minerals the most important are calcium, phosphorus, sodium, chlorine, potassium, sulphur and magnesium. The important trace elements are copper, cobalt, iron, ...