A fully modularized framework was established to combine isotropic, kinematic, and cross hardening behaviors under non-monotonic loading conditions. Three sets of state variables were defined and applied to consider the effects of, a) loading history, b) twinning and de-twinning and c) different pre-strain. Experiments under two types of nonproportional loading conditions were conducted along d...

in this research, the compositing of the surface of az31b magnesium alloy with cnt was studied by fsp. the parameters under study were rotational speed (500-1500 rpm), transverse speed (12-44 mm/min), number of passes (1-4), and cnt weight fraction (0-2%). microhardness testing, optical metallography, fesem, and eds analysis were employed for the characterization of the samples. the suitable li...

The microstructure and residual stresses of an AA6040 Al to AZ31B Mg friction stir weld are studied using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The complex material flow promoted by the friction stir welding process results in a fine grained structure in the stir zone of both materials due to dynamic/recovery recrystallization. The interface between the materials is characterized ...