Process-Based Fraud (PBF) is fraud enabled by process deviations that occur in business processes. Several studies have proposed PBF detection methods; however, false decisions are still often made because of cases with low deviation. Low deviation is caused by ambiguity in determining fraud attribute values and low frequency of occurrence. This paper proposes a method of detecting PBF with low...

Multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) refers to making preference decisions via assessing a finite number of pre-specified alternatives under multiple and usually conflicting attributes. Many problems in the field additive manufacturing (AM) are essentially MADM or can be converted into problems. Recently, variety methods have been applied solve AM. This generates series interesting questions:...

Multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) is commonly used to investigate fuzzy information effectively. However, selecting the best alternative not always symmetric because alternatives do have complete information, so asymmetric often involved. Expressing under uncertainty using closed subintervals of [0, 1] beneficial and effective instead crisp numbers from 1]. The goal this paper enhance noti...

In late years, the size of RoRo cargo ships has continuously increased, leading to so-called Large Car Truck Carriers (LCTC). The design these vessels introduced new challenges that shall be considered during ship since conceptual stage, which a very strong impact on technical and economic performances vessel all its life-cycle. this work, concept an LCTC is presented based Multi-Attribute Deci...

The study of coal consumption has become a focus academic attention due to ecological and environmental concerns. This proposed method evaluate sustainability for by using multiple-attribute decision-making (MADM) model. data used are from the China Statistical Yearbook Energy over years. MADM model consists attributes (standards), their importance weights, alternatives. comprehensive evaluatio...