Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine playing crucial role in immunity. MIF exerts unique tautomerase enzymatic activity that has relevance concerning its multiple functions and small molecule inhibitors have been proven to block effects. Here we demonstrate some of the E-2-arylmethylene-1-tetralones their heteroanalogues efficiently bind MIF’s active site ...

Background: Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a life-threatening complication of systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) characterized by fever, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, coagulopathy, and rapid development multiple organ failure. MAS triggered viral bacterial infections, most often Epstein-Barr viruses, cytomegalovirus, influenza parainfluenza parvavirus B19, yersi...

Introduction Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) is an autoinflammatory disease of childhood, and the predominant effector cells are mononuclear phagocytes rather than lymphocytes as in autoimmune diseases such as RA. Previous gene expression data has shown that monocytes in SJIA have a novel phenotype with clear proinflammatory activation as well as features of alternative activation...

Introduction Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a rare but life threatening complication of infectious, neoplastic and rheumatic diseases. Clinically, patients usually have high fever, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy and neurologic symptoms. In laboratory results pathognomonic are pancytopenia, decline in the value of sedimentation rate (ESR), increased levels of ferritin and coagulati...

Introduction Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS), a severe complication of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and other inflammatory diseases, represents a one of the most important rheumatological emergencies. Delayed diagnosis could lead to life-threatening complications. Pulmonary hemosiderosis (PH), possible seen at all ages but most commonly among children, usually appears as an...

Mutations of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL) related genes and abnormalities of cytotoxicity function tests in patients with macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) occurring in systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) Claudia Bracaglia, Elena Sieni, Martina Da Ros, Carmela De Fusco, Concetta Micalizzi, Valentina Cetica, Benedetta Ciambotti, Maria Luisa Coniglio, Antonella I...

it   was   recently   demonstrated   that   5-(5-nitrofuran-2-yl)-1,   3,   4-thiadiazoles   with piperazinyl-linked benzamidine substituents are effective in vitro against leishmania major. following on this evidence, we used colorimetric assay of acid phosphatase activity in the promastigotes  as  an  indicator  for  cell  viability.  also  we  studied  the  effect  of  these compounds on ind...

Childhood-onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) has an incidence of 0.3-0.9/100,000 children. It is very rare to find a case childhood-onset SLE before 5 years age. We describe 4-year-old female child, from low-socioeconomic background who was diagnosed with based on typical rash, oral ulcer, positive laboratory parameters such as ANA, anti-ds DNA, anti-nucleosome, anti-histone antibodies, a...

Interferon-gamma (IFNg) in macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) associated with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA). High levels in patients and a role in a murine mas model Claudia Bracaglia, Ivan Caiello, Kathy De Graaf, Giovanni D’Ario, Florence Guilhot, Walter Ferlin, Lidia Melli, Giusi Prencipe, Sergio Davì, Grant Schulert, Angelo Ravelli, Alexei Grom, Cristina De Min, Fabrizio D...