Background: Diagnosing patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA) remains difficult. Due to its non-specific symptoms, it is challenging identify GCA in presenting polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), which a more common disease (1). In addition, commonly used acute-phase markers fail discriminate between and (infectious) mimicry patients. Objectives: To investigate selection of biomarkers for their uti...

Egocentrism has always been viewed as profoundly unethical, and thus a reason against ethical egoism. This paper examines the arguments for such claims and finds them somewhat wanting. It then considers the positions that egocentrism is psychologically untenable and that it is philosophically unstable. Though it appears true that egocentrism is a psychologically unappealing position for many, i...

how to cite this article: talebian a, goudarzi rm, mohammadzadeh m , mirzadeh as. vincristine-induced cranial neuropathy. iran j child neurol. 2014 winter; 8(1):66-68.   abstract vincristine (vcr) is a vinca alkaloid that is used for treatment of many malignancies. the vinca alkaloids are neurotoxic, usually causing a peripheral neuropathy, but cranial neuropathies are rare as side effects.  de...

Harris, German and Mills (Children's use of counterfactual thinking in causal reasoning. Cognition, 61 (1996), 223± 259), following Mackie, argue that children make explicit use of counterfactual thinking in arriving at causal judgments. They showed that children as young as 3, in explaining simple mishap events, made reference to courses of action that a protagonist had rejected, when that cou...

Background: Glucocorticoids (GCs) are a key treatment for the autoimmune rheumatic diseases; however, they produce numerous physical and psychological side effects. 1 The Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) Glucocorticoid Working Group have identified that there no Patient Reported (PROMs) assessing impact of systemic GC therapy across multiple diseases from patient’s perspective. 2,3 Ob...

In the past 20 years the serological typing of Staphylococcus pyogenes has advanced from precipitinogen analysis (Julianelle and Wieghard, 1935; Cowan, 1938) to slide agglutination (Cowan, 1939). A year later six further types were added to Cowan's types I, 11, and II by Christie and Keogh (1940), and more recently Hobbs (1948) brought the total to 13. These 13 types are now referred to as the ...

Species belonging to the genus Thunnus are pelagic predator fishes, commonly known as tuna. The species within this genus are of commercial value, and six of them are considered the most valued in world trade (D.M., MIPAAF, 31 Gennaio 2008). Thunnus species originate from a variety of geographic areas, and for this reason the different species can be characterized by the presence of different b...

An actual cause of some token effect is itself a (distinct) token event (or fact, or state of affairs, ...) that helped to bring about that effect. The notion of an actual cause is different from that of a potential cause – for example a pre-empted backup – which had the capacity to bring about the effect, but which wasn't in fact operative on the occasion in question. Sometimes actual causes a...

This paper will demonstrate how avatar-mediated interactions and learning in networks might lead to identity formation and rehabilitation of language after a brain injury. With references to Vygotsky's notion of the social origins of higher mental functions (1978) and Hutchins claims that cognition is something that is embodied and externally distributed. (Hutchins, 1995), we will discuss ident...