Xylene has been generally used as a clearing and deparaffinizing agent in histology. Because of the potential toxic and flammable nature of xylene, its substitutes have been introduced into some laboratories. In this study, we introduced a novel, non-toxic xylene substitute (SBO), which was generated through a mixture of 86% of white oil No.2 and 14% of N-heptane. SBO had a high boiling point (...

This study aimed to characterize spatial/temporal variations of ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using a community-scale monitoring approach and identify the main sources of concern in Paterson, NJ, an urban area with mixed sources of VOCs. VOC samples were simultaneously collected from three local source-dominated (i.e., commercial, industrial, and mobile) sites in Paterson and one ba...

A new resorcinarene-based hemicarcerand was developed, exhibiting pronounced flexibility in size and shape to accommodate several guest molecules. With a series of seven hemicarceplexes, investigated via single-crystal XRD, the cage molecule showed align its guests complement their electrostatic potentials adjust dimensions, according molecule‘s demand. Though forming equimolar inclusion comple...

This report presents the systematic study on the solubilities of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [e, or bmim][PF6], 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium methylsulfate [almim][CH3SO4], 1-hexyloxymethyl-3-methylimidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) [C6H13OCH2mim][BF4], or [C6H13OCH2mim][(CF3SO2)2N] in aliphatic hydrocarbons (heptane, octane), cyclohydrocarbons (cyclopentane, cyclohexane) and aro...

OBJECTIVE To assess the extent of exposure for Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) among nonoccupationally exposed commuters in Mexico City. MATERIAL AND METHODS Blood concentrations of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m-/p-xylene, o-xylene and methyl tert-butyl ether were determined on samples collected from participants after the morning commute. RESULTS Median blood concentrations of benzen...

The effect of 2-phenylindole (2PI) concentration in p-xylene upon the fluorescence decay time was investigated by frequency-domain fluorometry. The fluorescence decay of a dilute (10~ M) 2PI solution in p-xylene at 20 °C is single exponential with the mean decay time t = 1.87 ns and practically independent of the observation wavelength (Aobs) in the fluorescence band. The fluorescence decay in ...

Application of ionizing radiation for recalcitrant organic decomposition has been well documented for such compounds as methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) [3], phosphonic acid, dimethy ester [17], 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid [6], aromatic hydrocarbons [12], benzene, toluene, m-xylene, o-xylene [16], THMs [5], bromate [21], phenol [14], methyl isobutyl ketone, toluene, xylene, tetrachloroethylene...

In this paper we elected to nitrate p-xylene because this compound has only one mononitro- and trinitro- isomer. Trinitro-p-xylene was used as a starting material for the synthesis of other compounds in subsequent work. The mononitration of p-xylene can be easily carried out at 30 degrees C. Nitro-p-xylene is easily nitrated to dinitro-p-xylene at a temperature of 80 degrees C. The trinitro-p-x...

Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was employed for simultaneous determination of methanol and ethanol contents in gasoline. Spectra were collected in the range from 714 to 2500 nm and were used to construct quantitative models based on partial least squares (PLS) regression. Samples were prepared in the laboratory and the PLS regression models were developed using the spectral range from 1105 to...