Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disorder characterized by proliferation and accumulation of clonal dendritic cells with varied clinical presentation and an unpredictable course. We report a 5-month-old infant with LCH who presented with severe respiratory distress, a large mediastinal mass, significant generalized lymphadenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly. Lymphoma, especially T cel...

Cervical lymphadenopathy can be developed from various causes such as viral infection, bacterial infection, Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease, tuberculosis, malignancy, and reactive changes. In patients who have malignancy, metastatic lymphadenopathy is possible but it is rare that other concomitant diseases are in the same lymph node. We experienced a case of coexistence of Kikuchi necrotizing lymphade...

INTRODUCTION In cases of patients with disseminated lymphadenopathy, the differential diagnosis has to include both benign and malignant causes, including sarcoidosis, metastatic disease, lymphoma and, although rarely present, tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is still one of the most frequently occurring infectious diseases worldwide. However, disseminated mycobacterial lymphadenitis is rare in immun...

Tularemia caused by Francisella tularensis occurs worldwide in the northern hemisphere, with great variation in geographic and temporal occurrence. It generally presents as an acute febrile disease with the major clinical presentations including the six classic forms of tularemia: ulceroglandular, glandular, oculoglandular, oropharyngeal, typhoidal, and pneumonic. In contrast to European countr...

Background: Tumor necrosis factor-beta or lymphotoxin-alpha (LT-α), IL-4 and IL-10 are determining factors in immunity against BCG.  Allelic polymorphisms in the regulatory regions of their genes affect the rate of cytokine production and therefore, the host’s ability in BCG containment. Objective: To study the prevalence of –590 (C/T) and –592 (C/A) allelic distribution of IL-4 and IL-10 promo...

OBJECTIVES IgG4-related disease is a recently recognized condition that can be associated with lymphadenopathy, with several histologic patterns and increased absolute number and ratio of immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-positive plasma cells. However, these findings are considered to be not exclusively specific for IgG4-related disease. METHODS The occurrence of the histologic patterns reported in p...

Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (SHML) or Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) was first described as a distinct clinicopathological entity by Rosai and Dorfman in 1969. SHML is commonly characterized by painless cervical lymphadenopathy, and its clinical course is generally benign and self-limiting. This disorder commonly involves the lymph nodes but may secondarily involve the skin. H...

Lymphadenopathy is known to be associated with lepromatous leprosy and has also been observed as a feature of type-2 lepra reaction. However, nodular lymph node enlargement is not commonly reported in leprosy patients or as a feature of relapse. We herewith are presenting a case of bacteriological relapse in a patient of lepromatous leprosy treated 22 years before till smear negativity with WHO...

A 7-year-old West African male patient presented with recurrence of multiple cervical lymphadenopathy. Cervical node biopsy disclosed a sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman-Destombes disease). During follow-up, the patient developed a left orbital mass corresponding to an enlarged lacrimal gland shown by CT. The histologic features of the gland were consistent with th...

AIM To determine the pattern and causes of lymph node enlargement of cervical region in Ibadan, Nigeria. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 10-year (2003-2012) retrospective study was conducted on all head and neck lymph node biopsies received at the Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. RESULTS A total of 101 lymph node biopsies of cervical region were received within...