For the large pores and cracks of reservoirs with low temperatures, high salinity, and low permeability, a new type of high strength gel ABP system is developed in this paper. The defects of conventional gels such as weak gel strength, no gelling, and easy dehydration are overcome under the conditions of low temperature and high salinity. The temperature and salt resistance, plugging characteri...

Two isoforms of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA) in the blue crab gill, CasCAg and CasCAc, were identified, sequenced, and found to match the membrane-associated and cytoplasmic isoforms, respectively. The membrane-associated isoform is present in much higher levels of mRNA expression in both anterior and posterior gills in crabs acclimated to high salinity (35 p.p.t.), but expression of the ...

The ability of the egg capsules of three intertidal gastropod species to protect embryos against low-salinity stress was examined. Encapsulated embryos of Ilyanassa obsoleta (Say), Nucella lamellosa (Gmelin), and N. lima (Gmelin) were far more tolerant of transfer to water of reduced salinity than were embryos which had been prematurely removed from egg capsules and transferred to low-salinity ...

Seedings of Vicia faba were grown for four weeks at two different light intensities (55 and 105 watts per square meter) in a saline (50 millimolar NaCl) and nonsaline nutrient solution. NaCl salinity depressed growth and restricted protein formation, CO(2) assimilation, and especially the incorporation of photosynthates into the lipid fraction. Conversion of photosynthates in leaves was much mo...

Protein changes induced by salinity stress were investigated in two barley cultivars, California Mariout, a salt-tolerant variety and Prato, a salt-sensitive variety. Rapidly growing young barley seedlings were exposed to NaCl and the newly synthesized proteins were resolved on two dimensional polyacrylamide gels following isoelectric focusing or nonequilibrium pH gradient gel electrophoresis i...

Seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum) has great potential for use in salt-affected turfgrass sites. Use of this grass on golf courses, athletic fields, and lawns in subtropical coastal areas may aid in conservation of freshwater resources. Belonolaimus longicaudatus and Hoplolaimus galeatus are considered among the most damaging root pathogens of turfgrasses in Florida. Glasshouse experiments ...

Phytoplankton species composition as well as amount of Chlorophyll-a and their relation to physico-chemical parameters were studied. The samples were collected monthly from October 1996 until September 1997 in two stations, i.e. Lavan and Douberkeh coastal waters. In this study, 65 phytoplankton species related to 3 groups of diatoms, dinoflagellats and Blue-Green Algae (24 genus and 44 species...

Nutrient characteristics of four water masses in the light of their thermohaline properties are examined in the eastern Equatorial Indian Ocean during winter, spring and summer monsoon. The presence of low salinity water mass with "Surface enrichments" of inorganic nutrients was observed relative to 20 m in the mixed layer. Lowest oxygen levels of 19 microM at 3 degrees N in the euphotic zone i...

The Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, is an osmoconforming bivalve exposed to wide salinity fluctuations. The physiological mechanisms used by oysters to cope with salinity stress are energy demanding and may impair other processes, such as defense against pathogens. This oyster species has been experiencing recurrent mortality events caused by the Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1). The objective...

Salinity in soil and irrigation water is one of the major factors that limit crop productivity. The effects of salinity on growth, lipid peroxidation, the antioxidant defence system and changes in artemisinin content were studied in Artemisia annua L. Salinity treatments were established by adding 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mM of sodium chloride (NaCl) to the soil. Salt stress negatively affected ...