Enhancement of the performance of a reverse osmosis (RO) unit through periodic control is studied. The periodic control manipulates the feed pressure and flow rate of the RO unit. To ensure the periodic behavior of the inputs, the manipulated variables (MV) are transformed into the form of sinusoidal functions. In this case, the amplitude and period of the sinusoidal functions become the surrog...

Rapid increase in population and industrialization leads to huge generation of solid waste throughout the country with landfilling as the most common practice for management of these solid waste. It is estimated that out of 3267 MLD of sewage is generated in Delhi. Concentrations of COD, BOD5, heavy metals, NH4AN, low BOD5/COD ratio and the lack of nutrients in the methanogenic phase have restr...

background: chromium (cr) is the most important element used to plate other metals and electroplating factories are still consid­ered to be the most important industries which pollute the environment to this metal. this paper describes a study con­ducted to determine the efficiency of reverse-osmosis (ro) as a membrane technique for removal of cr from wastewater sam­ples synthetically prepared ...

background: desalination plants have an important role in providing community drinking water. the increasing trend of water consumption and decrease of natural resources of fresh water make this role even more important. the aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of inlet and outlet water of desalination plants by reverse osmosis (ro) process in qeshm, iran and also to compare the qualit...

Forward osmosis (FO) is an emerging membrane separation process that continues to be tested and implemented in various industrial water and wastewater treatment applications. The growing interests in the technology have prompted laboratories and manufacturers to adopt standard testing methods to ensure accurate comparison of membrane performance under laboratory-controlled conditions; however, ...

background: reverse osmosis (ro) is an increasingly common method of desalination. a full scale water desalination system by membrane technology (ro) evaluated in a southern city (jask) in iran. methods: first, data collection on water supply and network were performed. analysis on most of the water quality parameters (turbidity, ph, ec, cl-, na+, alkalinity, ca, na, k, no3, no2, fe, mg, mn, nh...