Most existing works on optimal filtering of linear time-invariant (LTI) stochastic systems with arbitrary unknown inputs assume perfect knowledge the covariances noises in filter design. This is impractical and raises question whether under what conditions one can identify process measurement noise (denoted as <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://ww...

Under-approximations of reachable sets and tubes have been receiving growing research attention due to their important roles in control synthesis verification. Available under-approximation methods applicable continuous-time linear systems typically assume the ability compute transition matrices integrals exactly, which is not feasible general, and/or suffer from high computational costs. In th...

To prevent nutrient limitations to crop growth, nitrogen is often applied in agricultural systems in the form of organic inputs (e.g., crop residues, manure, compost, etc.) or inorganic fertilizer. Inorganic nitrogen fertilizer has large environmental and economic costs, particularly for low-input smallholder farming systems. The concept of combining organic, inorganic, and biological nutrient ...