Dynamic dam-foundation interaction is great important in the design and safety assessment of dam structures. Two classic boundary conditions, i.e., viscous-spring viscous boundary, are employed to consider radiation damping unbounded rock foundation. The input models seismic excitation derived. accuracy two conditions dynamic analysis foundation verified through using an impulsive load. influen...

Available evidence indicates that infants, for the most part, acquire their oral flora, in particular Streptococcus mutans, from their mothers. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of rampant caries in rat dams on subsequent caries activity in their offspring. Rampant caries was induced by surgical desalivation of four dams, and subsequent infection with Streptococcus sobrinus 67...

The effects of twinning, dystocia, retained placenta, and body weight on postpartum reproduction were evaluated for 3,370 single and 1,014 twin births. Females were bred by AI for 40 d followed by 20 or 30 d of natural service with equal numbers bred and calved in spring and fall. Percentage of dams cyclic by the end of the AI period was lower (P<.05) for dams birthing and nursing a single calf...

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Changes in nutritional status during gestation and lactation have detrimental effects on offspring metabolism. Several animal studies have shown that maternal high-fat diet (HFD) can predispose the offspring to development of obesity and metabolic diseases, however the mechanisms underlying these transgenerational effects are poorly understood. Therefore, we examined the e...

The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake triggered many landslides and caused high volumes of loose solid material to collect in gully drainage areas; over time, this eroded became the source for multiple debris flows. On August 13, 2010, a heavy rainstorm struck areas that were impacted by earthquake. resulting flows more than 2000 deaths destroyed numerous buildings, bridges, traffic facilities. To mitig...

Slope stability issues are very frequently in civil engineering applications and commonly encountered huge significant projects such as dams, highways tunnels, etc. This study examines the impact of slope height (H) angle (β) on loose granular soil underlined by dense layer. For this purpose, a number finite element analyses were conducted full-scale slope. The computer program Plaxis 2D code w...

—Dams provide many benefits to society, yet they have profound impacts on aquatic ecosystems. In addition to blocking fish migration, small surface-release dams on coldwater streams generally increase water temperature below the dam. The goal of this study was to evaluate how small, surface-release dams affect fish communities, separating the total effect into components related to fragmentatio...

Previous research has revealed profound effects of prenatal interactions among littermates on the subsequent fecundity and behaviour of female Mongolian gerbils, Meriones unguiculatus. Here, we determined whether interlitter competition for maternal resources similarly affects female phenotypes. We found that, when adult, female Mongolian gerbils whose dams were both nursing while gestating the...