On transformation to the Fourier space (k, ω), the partial differential Maxwell equations simplify to algebraic equations, and the Helmholtz theorem of vector calculus reduces to vector algebraic projections. Maxwell equations and their solutions can then be separated readily into longitudinal and transverse components relative to the direction of the wave vector k. The concepts of wave motion,...

(NSHAP) is designed to provide new data to explore how social support and personal relationships are associated with the health and aging in a representative sample of older community-dwelling Americans. NSHAP now has completed two rounds of data collection. There were two important objectives for carrying out the second wave of data collection. First, given the dynamics of health and aging, it...

Chao and Ruoff [*] have shown previously that by precompressing pyrophyllite prior to its use in high-pressure applications, one obtains a material which has a uniform density and uniform mechanical properties. We have recently studied the propagation of u trasonir nplIse~ in pyrnphyllit.p specimens to investigate the effect of specimen precompression on the.measured elastic moduli. Measurement...

There are three requirements in making a traveling wave accelerator: longitudinal electric field, synchronization, and confinement. We present and analyze a conceptually new kind of charged particle accelerator, making use of a photonic band gap lattice for field confinement near the beam axis, and employing dielectric material to produce a speed of light synchronous longitudinal electric field...

A theoretical study of the multi-coupling flexural and longitudinal waves that propagate in a periodic dual-beam-type waveguide with structural connection branches is conducted. The analytical equations of the transfer matrix method are derived for the wave transmission with consideration given to the fully flexural and longitudinal motions that are tri-coupled at each connection. Based on this...

Original scientific paper Stress measurement by using ultrasonic waves is based on acoustoelasticity law, i. e. the relation between stress and wave velocity in engineering materials. Longitudinal critically refracted (LCR) wave is a popular ultrasonic wave in the ultrasonic stress measurement application. The LCR wave is a bulk longitudinal wave that travels within an effective depth underneat...

We discuss the effect of zero-temperature attenuation, which has been recently observed in spin dynamics of spin-polarized Fermi liquids, on other Fermi-liquid processes. The transfer of" this attenuation mechanism J?om transverse spin dynamics to longitudinal processes can be caused by the magnetic dipole interaction, namely, by the direct dipole processes and the dipole coupling between the t...

[1] Longitudinal dependences of stratospheric gravity wave (GW) fluctuations and lower ionospheric irregularities (sporadic E) at midlatitudes are studied by means of radio occultation data of the Global Positioning System/Meteorology Experiment (GPS/MET) satellite mission. The zonal average of temperature variance of GW fluctuations with vertical scales less than 7 km at northern midlatitudes ...

Single-longitudinal-mode operation in a homogeneously broadened solid-state laser is often impeded by spatial hole burning. To maintain a single longitudinal mode, it is necessary to eliminate spatial hole burning, for example, by introducing quarter-wave plates at both ends of the gain medium' or by using a ring cavity.2 In a standingwave resonator, an additional wavelength-selective element, ...