Trade-offs among species' ecological interactions is a pervasive explanation for species coexistence. The traits associated with trade-offs are typically measured to mechanistically explain species coexistence at a single spatial scale. However, species potentially interact at multiple scales and this may be reflected in the traits among coexisting species. I quantified species' ecological trai...

Discrete m-reps use tolerance-based, sampled medial skeleta as an underlying framework for boundaries defined by displaced subdivision surfaces. They provide local and global shape information, combining the strengths of multiscale skeletal modeling with the multi-resolution, deformation and shading properties afforded by subdivision surfaces. Hierarchically linked medial figures allow figural,...

MinWarping, a holistic local visual homing method, compares image columns pixel-wise. The distance measures used in this comparison strongly affect the tolerance of MinWarping to changes in illumination. Based on six indoor databases, each in a day and a night version, we compare four difference distances measures with respect to their navigation performance under changes in illumination. An av...

Time-stepping methods that guarantee to avoid spurious fixed points are said to be regular. For fixed stepsize Runge-Kutta formulas, this concept has been well studied. Here, the theory of regularity is extended to the case of embedded Runge-Kutta pairs used in variable stepsize mode with local error control. First, the limiting case of a zero error tolerance is considered. A recursive regulari...

images from 6-pt IDEAL reconstruction, and the R2* map (c) from 6-pt T2*-IDEAL reconstruction. The echo spacing was 1.3ms (1.1π). Uniform water-fat decomposition was achieved. Figure 1 (left): IDEAL cost functions for two sets of echo times. The purpose of the IDEAL iteration is to search for the minimum (0Hz in this example) of the cost function curves. To avoid converging to local minima, the...

Kinematically redundant manipulators have been proposed for use in remote or hazardous environments due to their potential for tolerance to joint failures. This article deenes a local measure of failure tolerance based on the worst-case dexterity following a locked joint failure. Optimal values of this measure are identiied and related to the required structure of a Jacobian matrix. It is shown...

immune infertility, in terms of reproductive failure, has become a serious health issue involving approximately 1 out of 5 couples at reproductive age. semen that is defined as a complex fluid containing sperm, cellular vesicles and other cells and components, could sensitize the female genital tract. the immune rejection of male semen in the female reproductive tract is explained as the failur...

Cl = section lift coefficient c = local chord length D = fading-memory constant G = nondimensional circulation l = section lift force/length m = number of points used in sine series expansion of circulation function N = consecutive iterations convergence parameter r = perpendicular distance from vortex tol = iteration relative tolerance of conversion U1 = freestream velocity magnitude w = downw...

The paper deals with mesh-connected massively-parallel systems affected by failures. The complexity of a local diagnostic procedure, based on new deenitions of the local k-diagnosability and the r-fault-tolerance, is analysed. It depends on distances between individual fault clusters and on fault cluster diameters. In particular cases the minimum distance between fault clusters can be enlarged ...

In situ adaptive tabulation (ISAT) is applied to store and retrieve solutions of nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) problems. ISAT controls approximation error by adaptively building the database of NMPC solutions with piecewise linear local approximations. Unlike initial state or constraint parameterized constrained quadratic programming (QP) solutions, ISAT approximates NMPC solutions ...