In many studies, the alternative load path method (APM) has been used for progressive collapse analysis. In this method, one or several columns of the building are removed and the building response is investigated. This method ignores the initial local failure cause of building and this can affect the structural response. Investigation of ignoring the initial local failure cause of steel braced...

Abstract Local tumour hyperthermia for cancer treatment is currently used either for ablation purposes as an alternative to surgery or less frequently, in combination with chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy to enhance the effects of those traditional therapies. As it has become apparent that activating the immune system is crucial to successfully treat metastatic cancer, the potential of boo...

Background Prior experience and the persisting threat of influenza pandemic indicate the need for global and local preparedness and public health response capacity. The pandemic of 2009 highlighted the importance of such planning and the value of prior efforts at all levels. Our review of the public health response to this pandemic in Pune, India, considers the challenges of integrating global ...

PURPOSE The efficacy of immunotherapy against advanced cancer may be improved by combination strategies. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a local tumor ablation method based on localized activation of a photosensitizer, leading to oxygen radical-induced tumor cell death. PDT can enhance antitumor immune responses by release of antigen and danger signals, supporting combination protocols of PDT wit...

Fetal antigens are allogeneic to the mother’s immune system and should theoretically elicit an immune response. The fact that this does not occur and that the fetus thrives for so long in the mother without undergoing rejection by her immune system is a scientific mystery. There are five main theories that could explain the fetus’s success in evading the mother’s immune system. These are the mo...

Purpose: The efficacy of immunotherapy against advanced cancer may be improved by combination strategies. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a local tumor ablation method based on localized activation of a photosensitizer, leading to oxygen radical-induced tumor cell death. PDT can enhance antitumor immune responses by release of antigen and danger signals, supporting combination protocols of PDT wi...

The local immune response to mycobacteria is complex, but mycobacterial antigen presentation by phagocytes to T helper cells is the pivotal interaction. Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination is associated with the development of antituberculosis immunity but not necessarily with antitumor immunity. Animal studies have shown that an intact host immune system is required for the antitumor act...

To characterize further the neural involvement in local immune reactions, we evaluated the effect of intrathecal NMDA-receptor blocker dizocilpine maleate (MK-801) on the peripheral immune response itself and on spinal cord c-fos expression induced by the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response. Immune challenge took place in the hind paw ipsilateral or contralateral to an injured sciatic ...

background: hepatitis b virus (hbv) fails to produce appropriate immune responses in some healthy individuals; thus, different strategies have been adopted to promote immune responses. the current study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of hbv vaccine coadministered with tetanus-diphtheria (td) vaccine compared with hbv vaccine in healthy individuals through measuring hepatitis b surface antibod...