BACKGROUND Matrix-metalloproteinases (MMP) and cancer cell invasion are crucial for solid tumour metastasis. Important signalling events triggered by inflammatory cytokines, such as tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), include Src-kinase-dependent activation of Akt and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and phosphorylation of caveolin-1. Based on previous studies where we demonstrated amide-type local ana...

OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of Eutectic Mixture of Local Anaesthetics cream and rattle on soothing the vaccination pain on four-month-infants. METHODS The single blind randomised clinical trial was conducted from May 2012 to February 2013 at a clinic under the Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Iran, and comprised four-month infants who were selected randomly and divided into three gr...

This article is the first of a series on pharmacological interactions involving medicaments commonly prescribed and/or used in odontology: vasoconstrictors in local anaesthetics and anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial analgesics. The necessity for the odontologist to be aware of adverse reactions as a result of the pharmacological interactions is due to the increase in medicament consumption b...

Background: Ultrasound continues to grow in popularity as a method of nerve localization and it has the advantage of allowing real time visualization of the plexus , pleura and vessels along with the needle and local anaesthetic spread. [4] So this study intends to compare efficacy and safety of Inj.clonidine and Inj.Dexmedetomidine as adjuvant to local anaesthetic for USG guided subclavian per...

Tissue engineering is a subject of intense research activity worldwide. Despite the high level of activity, most of this research has, so far, had a fairly low impact on surgical practice. In part, this is because of the problems associated with maintaining cell viability; for example, a potential challenge in repairing or replacing the intervertebral disc by tissue-engineered material is the d...

Regional analgesia has been used for the management of acute pain for nearly a century. Local analgesia and somatic nerve blocks interrupt nociceptive input at its source or block nociceptive fibres in peripheral nerves. Blockade also interrupts the afferent limb of abnormal reflex mechanisms that may contribute to the pathogenesis of some pain syndromes. Moreover, since sympathetic fibres dest...