Recent studies of continental deformation have treated the lithosphere as a viscous media and investigated the time evolution of the deformation caused by tectonic and buoyancy forces. We examine the differences between continuum models that keep velocity boundary conditions (b.c.) constant with time and models that keep stress b.c. constant with time and demonstrate these differences by using ...

Ganymede’s grooved terrain likely formed during an epoch of global expansion, when unstable extension of the lithosphere resulted in the development of periodic necking instabilities. Linear, infinitesimal-strain models of extensional necking support this model of groove formation, finding that the fastest growing modes of an instability have wavelengths and growth rates consistent with Ganymed...

[1] In order to constrain the vertical and lateral extent of deformation and the interactions between lithosphere and asthenosphere in a context of a transpressional plate boundary, we performed teleseismic shear wave splitting measurements for 65 permanent and temporary broadband stations in central California. We present evidence for the presence of two anisotropic domains: (1) one with clear...

[1] We image the crustal architecture of the Musgrave Province with petrophysically constrained forward models of new potential field data. These models image divergent shallow-dipping crustal scale thrusts that, at depth, link with an axial zone defined by steeper, lithospheric scale transpressional shear zones. They also show that to permit a near-surface density distribution that is consiste...

[1] Sp and Ps converted seismic waves at 93 permanent seismic stations are used to image upper mantle velocity discontinuities across the contiguous United States and portions of southeast Canada and northwest Mexico. Receiver functions are calculated with frequency‐ domain deconvolution and migrated with 1D models that account for variations in crustal structure and mantle velocities between s...

Early development of marine electromagnetic methods, dating back about 80 years, was driven largely by defense/military applications, and use for these purposes continues to this day. Deepwater, frequency-domain, electric dipole-dipole, controlled-source electromagnetic CSEM methods arose from academic studies of the oceanic lithosphere in the 1980s, and although the hydrocarbon exploration ind...

We use seismic attenuation tomography to identify a region at the top of the lower mantle that displays very high attenuation consistent with an elevated water content. Tomography inversions with >80,000 differential travel-time and attenuation measurements yield 3D whole-mantle models of shear velocity (VS) and shear quality factor (Q ). The global attenuation pattern is dominated by the locat...