Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded from 18 normal adults as they read sentences that ended with words used literally, metaphorically, or in an intermediate literal mapping condition. In the latter condition, the literal sense of the word was used in a way that prompted readers to map conceptual structure from a different domain. ERPs measured from 300 to 500 msec after the onse...

This paper provides a binary, token-based classification of German particle verbs (PVs) into literal vs. non-literal usage. A random forest improving standard features (e.g., bagof-words; affective ratings) with PV-specific information and abstraction over common nouns significantly outperforms the majority baseline. In addition, PV-specific classification experiments demonstrate the role of sh...

Linguistic research has revealed several pathways of language change that may guide our understanding the evolution mental‐state attribution. In particular, it turns out that, in many languages, quotative verbs have been exapted for attributing a variety mental states, including beliefs and intentions. such literal translation of, “Betty said: ‘There will be war’”, used not only to quote Betty'...

A boolean formula in conjunctive normal form (CNF) F is refuted by literal–once resolution if the empty clause is inferred from F by resolving on each literal of F at most once. Literal–once resolution refutations can be found nondeterministically in polynomial time, though this restricted system is not complete. We show that despite of the weakness of literal–once resolution, the recognition o...

This paper investigates swearing words in Mark Manson’s The Subtle Art of Not Giving a Fuck as translated into “Sebuah Seni Untuk Bersikap Bodo Amat” by F. Wicaksono. aims to identify the translation strategies and subsequently classify them understandable patterns. Using qualitative approach, this study finds five used translating words: paraphrasing, general words, omission, cultural substitu...

The film, Gua Sha Treatment, is regarded as a global successful in spreading Chinese culture internationally. Its subtitles are normally loaded with culture-specific items which may directly or indirectly influence the acceptability of film audiences. By collecting and classifying subtitle translation paper analyzes its from perspective domestication foreignization. It demonstrates that priorit...

“Lying Flat” is the literal translation of Chinese slang term “Tang Ping,” which alludes to current youth culture giving up and living a life without ambition. The was coined against backdrop worldwide economic downturn reflects mental confusion disillusionment young people. Multiple variables, including excessive social competition, unsuitable school education, permissive parents, contribute a...