This paper provides a framework to analyse emergency liquidity assistance of central banks on financial markets in response to aggregate and idiosyncratic liquidity shocks. The model combines the microeconomic view of liquidity as the ability to sell assets quickly and at low costs and the macroeconomic view of liquidity as a medium of exchange that influences the aggregate price level of goods...

We explore the determinants of yield differentials between long-term sovereign bonds in the Euro area. There is a common trend in yield differentials, which is correlated with a measure of the international risk factor. In contrast, liquidity differentials display sizeable heterogeneity and no common factor. We present a model that predicts that yield differentials should increase in both liqui...

Financial institutions are interconnected directly by holding debt claims against each other (the network channel), and they are also bound by the market when selling assets to raise cash in distressful circumstances (the liquidity channel). The goal of our study is to investigate how these two channels of risk interact to propagate individual defaults to a system-wide catastrophe. We formulate...

We study a discrete time hedging and pricing problem in a market with liquidity costs. Using Leland’s discrete time replication scheme [Leland, H.E., 1985. Journal of Finance, 1283–1301], we consider a discrete time version of the Black–Scholes model and a delta hedging strategy. We derive a partial differential equation for the option price in the presence of liquidity costs and develop a modi...

Short-termism need not breed informational price inefficiency even when generating Beauty Contests. We demonstrate this claim in a two-period market with persistent liquidity trading and risk-averse, privately informed, short-term investors and find that prices reflect average expectations about fundamentals and liquidity trading. Informed investors engage in “retrospective” learning to reasses...

The United States and most other advanced countries are closing on five years of flat-out expansionary monetary policy that has failed in all cases to restore normal conditions of employment and output. These countries have been in liquidity traps, where monetary policies that normally expand the economy by enlarging the monetary base are ineffectual. Reserves have become near-perfect substitut...

A growing empirical and theoretical literature argues in favor of specifying monetary policy in the form of Taylor-type interest rate feedback rules. That is, rules whereby the nominal interest rate is set as an increasing function of inflation with a slope greater than one around an intended inflation target. This paper shows that because of the zero bound on nominal interest rates, such rules...

2012 The Econom doi: 10.1111/j.1475 This paper focuses on Federal Reserve policy in the United States after the financial crisis. Two key interventions – QE1 and QE2 – are reviewed, and a model is outlined that can be used to help understand some of the consequences of the financial crisis, and the policy responses to the crisis. Liquidity traps play an important role in the analysis, and it is...