Pretreatment of miscanthus is essential for efficient enzymatic production of cellulosic ethanol. This study reports a possible pretreatment method for miscanthus using aqueous ethylenediamine (EDA) for 30 min at 180 °C with or without ammonia. The mass ratio of miscanthus to EDA was varied from 1:3, 1:1, and 1:0.5, keeping the mass ratio of miscanthus to liquid (EDA + Water) constant at 1:8. T...

considered as a pure rock–ice mixture (see Lorenz and Lunine 1997 for a discussion). It is possible that organic compounds (both liquid and I report preliminary measurements of the complex permittivsolid) are present on Titan’s surface—these may allow it to appear optiity of frozen aqueous ammonia solutions at liquid nitrogen cally bright yet defeat the volume scattering effects that would make...

In recent years an emphasis has been placed on reducing food borne pathogens on the farm. Of particular interest to the poultry industry is Salmonella enterica. In the United States, a common practice in broiler management is the reuse of litter for consecutive flocks; this practice can lead to a Salmonella positive flock causing the colonization of sequential flocks. Reuse of litter can also l...

The solution chemistry of nine-atomic group 14 Zintl clusters [E9] (E = Si–Pb) shows a fascinating diversity. Mild oxidation or oxidative coupling of these clusters lead to free radicals or dimeric, oligomeric and polymeric structures of the elements [1 – 5]. Further oxidation even results in new element allotropes with tetrahedrally connected tetrel atoms [6], and structures that are exclusive...

This research presents a novel method to produce successive polymeric ion-selective membrane (ISM) embedded in a microfluidic chip with electrochemical electrodes for detecting ammonia ions. The ISM was formed inside the microchannel utilizing a simple flow-through forming technique. Surface tension force on microstructures is used to trap trace amount of polymer liquid doped with ammonia ionop...

This article introduces an on-demand microfluidic hydrogen generator that can be integrated with a microproton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell. The catalytic reaction, reactant circulation, gas/liquid separation, and autonomous control functionalities are all integrated into a single microfluidic device. It generates hydrated hydrogen gas from an aqueous ammonia borane solution which is circu...

An experiment was carried out to investigate the dynamics of nitrogen (N) in the rumen and abomasum of rumen and abomasum-cannulated sheep using 15N dilution techniques. The 15N tracer was administered into the rumen as 15N-ammonia or 15N-labelled duckweed and the transfer of the 15N label to various N pools was followed. Flow of digesta from the rumen into the abomasum was ascertained by doubl...

This study analyzed the influence of different ammonia stripping parameters on removal efficiency and mass transfer rate. Ammonia was performed two devices, a column packed tower, with artificial ammonium hydroxide wastewater. First, concentration pH were varied in without liquid circulation. At same pH, rate constant, irrespective initial concentration. When increased, fraction also resulting ...

Performance data obtained from measurements of process variables usually do not obey material and energy conservation laws. This is why a data reconciliation process, that is, the adjustment of measured data to obey the conservation laws and other constraints is necessary in order to characterize the real performance of equipment, processes, or the whole plant. The information on the partial lo...

3,3′-ditetradecyloxacarbocyanine (DiOC14(3)) and 3,3′-Dioctadecyloxacarbocyanine (DiOC18(3)) are lipophilic carbocyanine dyes with a conjugated polymethine backbone two long hydrocarbon tails. In this paper, we report the formation of Davydov-split aggregates DiOC14(3) DiOC18(3) in methanol/water mixtures without ammonia, which show blue-shifted H-band red-shifted J-band respect to monomer band...