Liquefaction of helium and the discovery of superconductivity are two of the most striking developments in low temperature physics. The fact that both were carried out in the laboratories of Kamerlingh Onnes at Leiden is not mere coincidence; the first one was indispensable for the researches that led to the second one. On the same way, liquefaction of helium was the consequence of several deca...

Understanding and assessing the spatial extent of liquefaction hazard requires the spatial dependence of geotechnical properties to be taken into account. In this work, novel multiscale random field models will be developed to characterize and quantify spatial variability of geotechnical parameters across scales. Such models will then be integrated with a simplified procedure for the probabilis...

Direct coal liquefaction has been studied and practiced since the 1930s. It was used in Germany during World War II to produce synthetic fuels when there was no oil allowed into the country. Since then, it has been studied in the United States and many different technologies have been investigated. Since the US is rich in coal resources, this is one way to be energy independent. Most of the dev...

To determine the mechanisms of vitreous liquefaction following vitreous hemorrhage, we investigated the effects of the free radicals produced by a bilirubin-sensitized photochemical reaction on collagen and hyaluronic acid (HA). Bovine vitreous collagen and HA were irradiated by visible light in the presence of bilirubin, which is produced from the degradation of hemoglobin, as a photosensitize...

Semen was collected from six dromedary camels using artificial vagina during rutting season. Liquefaction of the viscous semen occurred in 23.89 ± 1.49 h. During liquefaction, proteins with molecular masses of 24.55 kDa and 22.07 kDa appeared in conjunction with the disappearance of intact 26.00 kDa protein after 18-24 h. These proteins were identified as β-nerve growth factors (β-NGFs) in liqu...

laboratory data, which relate the liquefaction resistance of firoozkooh sand and non-plastic silt mixtures to shear wave velocity are presented and compared to liquefaction criteria derived from seismic field measurements by andrus and stokoe [1]. in the work described herein, cyclic triaxial and resonant column tests were conducted on specimens of clean sand and sand-silt mixtures with silt co...

Massive cortical cataract was produced 15-30 days after a single injection of an overdose of sodium selenite into 14-day-old rats. Most of the cortical cataract appeared to be due to extensive liquefaction of cortical fibers. Water influx, following initial damage to the epithelium by selenium, and action of lens proteases were probable mechanisms for the extensive liquefaction. Remarkably, sel...