Insulin and glucose together have been previously shown to regulate hepatic sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c expression. We sought to explore the nutritional regulation of lipogenesis through SREBP-1c induction in a setting where effects of sugars versus insulin could be distinguished. To do so, mice were insulin depleted by streptozotocin (STZ) administration and subjected ...

Fatty acid oversupply is a key mediator of skeletal muscle insulin resistance in obesity, primarily via accumulation of fatty acid metabolites and activation of proinflammatory pathways. Herein, we demonstrate that fatty acid-induced insulin resistance in humans is completely prevented the day after 1 session of endurance exercise. Because skeletal muscle is the primary site for systemic glucos...

The S14 (spot 14) gene encodes a protein that is predominantly expressed in lipogenic tissues, such as the liver, white and brown adipose tissues and the lactating mammary glands. Accumulated evidence suggests that S14 could play an important role in the induction of lipogenic enzymes. In humans, the S14 locus resides in the chromosome region 11q13, which is frequently amplified in breast tumou...

Xylitol is widely used as a sweetener in foods and medications. Xylitol ingestion causes a small blood glucose rise, and it is commonly used as an alternative to high-energy supplements in diabetics. In previous studies, a xylitol metabolite, xylulose-5-phosphate, was shown to activate carbohydrate response element binding protein, and to promote lipogenic enzyme gene transcription in vitro; ho...

C57BL/6J and 129S6/Sv (B6 and 129) mice differ dramatically in their susceptibility to developing diabetes in response to diet- or genetically induced insulin resistance. A major locus contributing to this difference has been mapped to a region on mouse chromosome 14 that contains the gene encoding PKCδ. Here, we found that PKCδ expression in liver was 2-fold higher in B6 versus 129 mice from b...

Adipogenic/lipogenic transcriptional networks regulating intramuscular fat deposition (IMF) in response to weaning age and dietary starch level were studied. The longissimus muscle (LM) of beef steers on an early weaning (141 days age) plus high-starch diet (EWS) or a normal weaning (NW, 222 days age) plus starch creep-feed diet (CFS) was biopsied at 0 (EW), 25, 50, 96 (NW), 167, and 222 (pre-s...

Thermogenic endurance and development of metabolic cold adaptation in birds may critically depend on their ability to synthesize and use fatty acids (FA) as fuel substrates. Hepatic lipogenesis and the capacity to oxidize FA in thermogenic tissues were measured in cold-acclimated (CA) ducklings (Cairina moschata) showing original mechanisms of metabolic cold adaptation in the absence of brown a...

Several nondigestible but fermentable dietary carbohydrates are able to regulate lipemia and triglyceridemia in both humans and animals. The mechanism of their serum lipid–lowering effect remains to be elucidated. Oligofructose, which is a mixture of nondigestible and fermentable fructans, can decrease triacylglycerol in VLDL when given to rats. The triacylglycerol-lowering action of oligofruct...

Increased cell mass is one of the characteristics of senescent cells, but this event has not been clearly defined. When subcellular organellar mass was estimated with organelle-specific fluorescence dyes, we observed that most membranous organelles progressively increase in mass during cell senescence. This increase was accompanied by an increase in membrane lipids and augmented expression of l...

A number of epidemiologic studies have indicated a strong association between dietary fat intake and prostate cancer development, suggesting that lipid metabolism plays some important roles in prostate carcinogenesis and its progression. In this study, through our genome-wide gene expression analysis of clinical prostate cancer cells, we identified a novel lipogenic gene, ELOVL7, coding a possi...