Cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels are the primary targets of light- and odorant-induced signaling in photoreceptors and olfactory sensory neurons. Compartmentalized cyclic nucleotide signaling is necessary to ensure rapid and efficient activation of these nonselective cation channels. However, relatively little is known about the subcellular localization of CNG channels or the mechanisms o...

Lipid rafts are important signaling platforms in T cells. Little is known about their properties in human CD8(+) T cells. We studied polarization of lipid rafts by digital immunofluorescence microscopy in primary human T cells, using beads coated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 mAbs (CD3/28 beads). Unlike CD4(+) T cells, CD8(+) T cells did not polarize lipid rafts when stimulated with CD3/28 beads,...

Cyclotides, a large family of cyclic peptides from plants, have a broad range of biological activities, including insecticidal, cytotoxic, and anti-HIV activities. In all of these activities, cell membranes seem likely to be the primary target for cyclotides. However, the mechanistic role of lipid membranes in the activity of cyclotides remains unclear. To determine the role of lipid organizati...

In the recent years, non-connected piled raft foundation has been considered as an economical and practical deep foundation in the situation that high shear and concentrated loads may occur at the connection of the raft and pile head. This paper was presented an experimental study of a square foundation on the effects of parameters such as S/D, L/D and etc. in two cases of connected or non-conn...

Calcium-permeable neurotransmitter receptors are concentrated into structurally and biochemically isolated cellular compartments to localize calcium-mediated events during neurotransmission. The cytoplasmic membrane contains lipid microdomains called lipid rafts, which can gather into microscopically visible clusters, and thus the association of a particular protein with lipid rafts can result ...

During development, axons migrate long distances in responses to attractive or repulsive signals that are detected by their growth cones. One of these signals is mediated by netrin-1, a diffusible laminin-related molecule that both attracts and repels growth cones via interaction with its receptor DCC (deleted in colorectal cancer). Here we show that DCC in both commissural neurons and immortal...

Endotoxin tolerance is characterized by attenuated macrophage activation to subsequent LPS challenge and can be reversed through nonspecific protein kinase C (PKC) activation, and activation by LPS within naïve cells requires the activation of the cell surface receptors CD14 and TLR4 on lipid rafts. The effect of PKC activation and endotoxin tolerance on lipid raft receptor complex assembly is ...

Lipid rafts are microdomains present within membranes of most cell types. These membrane microdomains, which are enriched in cholesterol and glycosphingolipids, have been implicated in the regulation of certain signal transduction and membrane traffic pathways. To investigate the possibility that lipid rafts organize exocytotic pathways in neuroendocrine cells, we examined the association of pr...

Membrane microdomains (lipid rafts) are enriched in selected signaling molecules and may compartmentalize receptor-mediated signals. Here, we report that in primary human B lymphocytes and in Ramos B cells B cell receptor (BCR) stimulation induces rapid and transient redistribution of a subset of engaged BCRs to lipid rafts and phosphorylation of raft-associated tyrosine kinase substrates. Chol...

The coxsackie B virus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. In addition to activity as a viral receptor, it may play a role in cellular adhesion. We asked what determines the cell membrane microdomain of CAR. We found that CAR is localized to a novel lipid-rich microdomain similar to that of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) but distinct from tha...