The Political Declaration of High-level Meeting of the General Assembly on the Prevention and Control of NCDs has noted possible linkages between HIV/AIDS and NCDs. The aim of this study was to develop a public health framework for those linkages between HIV/AIDS and the common NCDs. The overall method used in this study was a thematic research synthesis. Descriptive, integrative and configurat...

Classical-liberal arguments about the pacifying effects of international trade are revisited, and it is argued that they consistently rely on the ability of trade to provide ‘connections’ between people and to create a perceived ‘global community’. The classical-liberal view on trade and peace can be given natural expression and be further developed if it placed in a network perspective. Depend...

A series of four chiral D(2) symmetrical macrocycles, in which two 3,3'-disubstituted Binol units are bridged by conjugated organic spacers of differing lengths and/or electronic properties, have been synthesized and characterized. The four different bridges consist of either ether or ester linkages in combination with either short biphenyl spacers or long diethynylphenyl spacers. NMR, CD spect...

One of the main aims of representative governance surrounds the ability of citizens to hold their elected leaders accountable for their actions. In principle, this is only possible when voters know and comprehend the policy positions of their elected leaders, which of course requires political parties and politicians to be transparent and consistent in staking out issue positions. One particula...

Nonenzymatic RNA polymerization in early life is likely to introduce backbone heterogeneity with a mixture of 2'-5' and 3'-5' linkages. On the other hand, modern nucleic acids are dominantly composed of 3'-5' linkages. RNA polymerase II (pol II) is a key modern enzyme responsible for synthesizing 3'-5'-linked RNA with high fidelity. It is not clear how modern enzymes, such as pol II, selectivel...