in this paper, a mathematical method is proposed to formulate a generalized ordering problem. this model is formed as a linear optimization model in which some variables are binary. the constraints of the problem have been analyzed with the emphasis on the assessment of their importance in the formulation. on the one hand, these constraints enforce conditions on an arbitrary subgraph and then g...

abstract it is the purpose of this article to introduce a linear approximation technique for solving a fractional chance constrained programming (cc) problem. for this purpose, a fuzzy goal programming model of the equivalent deterministic form of the fractional chance constrained programming is provided and then the process of defuzzification and linearization of the problem is started. a samp...

abstract regarding the imprecise or fuzzy data on the agriculture activities, applying models based on fuzzy data may be useful. in line with this condition this study tries to compare the ability of possiblistic programming approach in developing optimal solution with fuzzy and deterministic programming. to get this objective a data set obtained from 90 farmers of kohgilooye region, gathered i...

Zusammenfassung Dieser Beitrag behandelt die Führungsund Störgrößenaufschaltung für lineare verteilt-parametrische Mehrgrößensysteme, die zur Klasse der Riesz-Spektralsysteme gehören. Für die Aufschaltmatrizen und -operatoren der Führungsund Störgrößenaufschaltung werden explizite Formelausdrücke angegeben. Der Entwurf erfolgt auf Grundlage einer Zwei-Freiheitsgrade-Struktur, die eine Bestimmun...

In what follows by Ω we denote a bounded domain in R n with n ≥ 2, ∂Ω ∈ C 2,α and 0 < α < 1. We let Lu(x) = n i,k=1 a i,k (x) · u xix k (x) + n i=1 a i (x) · u xi (x) + a(x) · u(x) = f (x) to be a linear elliptic differential equation of second order with coefficients a ik , a i , a, f ∈ C 0,α (Ω) and a(x) ≤ 0 for all x ∈ Ω. The paper of J. Schauder " ¨ Uber lineare elliptische Differentialglei...

A general mesh type for representing the light field of a three-dimensional scene of (directional) diffusely and specularly reflecting surfaces, and anisotropically diffuse light sources is presented. The light field is represented by a piecewise linear function. The mesh emerges as a product of surface cells, but is more adaptive than the usual regular product meshes. Adaptivity is achieved by...

Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit der Klassifikation der Vitalität von Pflanzen durch Machine-Learning-Verfahren am Beispiel von Trockenstress bei Tabak (Nicotiana tabacum). Wir zeigen, dass Machine-Learning-Verfahren die menschliche Unterscheidung von gesunden und gestressten Pflanzen durch einen Experten nachbilden können und zudem, dass eine frühzeitige Erkennung von Pflanzenstress möglich ist...

Die röntgenografisch gefundene Elektronendichte-Verteilung der Schichtstruktur der Chloroplastenlamellen weist darauf hin, daß die Porphyrinringe des Chlorophylls eine separate Schicht zwischen einer Proteinund einer polaren Lipidschicht bilden. Basierend auf diesem Ergebnis kann gezeigt werden, daß die Porphyrinringplatten der Chlorophylltypen, die bei 673, 683 und jenseits 705 nm absorbieren,...

Sedum sarmentosum is an important Chinese medicinal herb that exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic and anti-nociceptive properties. However, little is known about its genetic background. The first set of 14 microsatellite markers were isolated and characterized for S. sarmentosum using an SSR-enriched library. Fourteen polymorphic microsatellite markers were acquired with satisfactory am...