We used up to 30 morphological characters to discriminate and describe species of the genus Discoporella based on complete colony specimens collected from both coasts of the Isthmus of Panama. The characters included zooidal characters and colony-level characters such as colony size and basal granule density. Species were classified by a series of multivariate cluster and linear discriminant an...

This study investigates how Seoul Korean-speaking children and adults use pitchand duration-related phonetic cues to mark focus. It was found that to distinguish focus from non-focus, the adults used both the pitchand duration-related cues, but the children used only the duration-related cues to distinguish focus from post-focus. Further, neither the adults nor the children distinguish narrow f...

This paper deals with an aspectual classification of Korean and Japanese verbs based on Vendler (1967). Both of Korean and Japanese verbs are classified into 12 distinctive aspectual categories by their restrictions on time adverbials, progressive tenses and logical entailments. A well-established aspectual verb classes provide us not only with a better understanding of both languages, but also...

This study investigates recent changes in Korean intonation where an AP-initial syllable [il] is produced as a High tone by some speakers, introducing an exception to the intonational model of Korean. Data from 51 Seoul speakers and 26 Chonnam speakers show that this phenomenon, found most often when [il] means ‘one’, is employed mostly by Seoul speakers in their early 40s and younger. We propo...

This study aims to determine the effect of readability based on length annual report and value relevance financial information agency costs. The sample used in this were 263 firm-year from Kompas100 index. Data analyzed using multiple linear regression method. result indicate that higher number pages, words characters, which reflects poor report, has a negative asset turnover ratio, is an inver...

Chinese characters have a complex and hierarchical graphical structure carrying both semantic and phonetic information. We use this structure to enhance the text model and obtain better results in standard NLP operations. First of all, to tackle the problem of graphical variation we define allographic classes of characters. Next, the relation of inclusion of a subcharacter in a characters, prov...

The data-handling algorithm in many current editors 2 uses a text which is a continuous string of characters. In this technique the characters are moved directly from their input source to the text string by expanding it in tue core buffer. The disadvantage of such existing systems is due to the core buffer constraint. The buffer can be extended to the auxiliary storage but will result in less ...

This article presents a model of character recognition and the experiments used to develop and test it. The model applies to foveal viewing of blurred or unblurred characters and to tactile sensing of raised characters using the fingerpad. The primary goal of the model is to account for variations in legibility across character sets; a secondary goal is to account for variations in the cell ent...

Estimating the fitness surface of rapidly evolving secondary sexual traits can elucidate the origins of sexual isolation and thus speciation. Evidence suggests that sexual selection is highly complex in nature, often acting on multivariate sexual characters that sometimes include non-heritable components of variation, thus presenting a challenge for predicting patterns of sexual trait evolution...

A readability formula is obtained that can be used by computer programs for style checking of Japanese texts and need not syntactic or semantic information. The formula is derived as a linear combination of tile surface characteristics of the text that are related to its readability: (1) the average number of characters per sentence, (2) for each type of characters (Roman alphabets, kanzis, hir...