Using three-dimensional Monte Carlo radiative transfer simulations, we examine the effect of beam transmissometer geometry on the relative error in the measurement of the beam-attenuation coefficient in an aquatic environment characterized by intense light scattering, especially within submerged bubble clouds entrained by surface-wave breaking. We discuss the forward-scattering error associated...

A method is evaluated for estimating the absorption coefficient a and the backscattering coefficient b(b) from measurements of the upward and downward irradiances E(u)(z) and E(d)(z). With this method, the reflectance ratio R(z) and the downward diffuse attenuation coefficient K(d)(z) obtained from E(u)(z) and E(d)(z) are used to estimate the inherent optical properties R(infinity) and K(infini...

Natural cork enclosures, due to their cell structure, composition, and low moisture are fairly transparent to terahertz (THz) and millimeter waves enabling nondestructive evaluation of the cork's surface and interior. It is shown that the attenuation coefficient of the defect-free cork can be modeled with a Mie scattering model in the weakly scattering limit. Contrast in the THz images is a res...

Estimating total ultrasound attenuation from backscatter data is essential in the field of quantitative ultrasound (QUS) because of the need to compensate for attenuation when estimating the backscatter coefficient and QUS parameters. This work uses a reference phantom method of attenuation estimation to create a spatial map of attenuation slope (AS) from backscatter radio-frequency (RF) data o...

The purpose of this research is to observe and understand the processes by which gamma rays are attenuated in passing through absorber, effects shielding geometry. Gamma ray linear attenuation coefficient, mass mean free path, half value layer buildup factor were evaluated for different absorbers, using 60Co source with energy 1.332 MeV. coefficient absorber such as aluminium was (0.1485 cm-1),...

S U M M A R Y The scattering coefficient is one of the most fundamental parameters by which to quantify the scattering intensity for waves as a function of scattering angle and wave frequency. This study presents a derivation of the scattering coefficient for linear long-wave tsunami equations in randomly fluctuating sea-bottom topography using the first-order Born approximation. The scattering...

In this paper the propagation of harmonic plane waves in a homogeneous anisotropic magneto-piezothermoelastic diffusive body with fractional order derivative is studied. The governing equations for a homogeneous transversely isotropic body in the context of the theory of thermoelasticity with diffusion given by Sherief et al. [1] are considered as a special case. It is found that three types of...

Introduction: MR-guided focused ultrasound surgery (MRgFUS) is a non-invasive means of causing selective tissue necrosis using high-power ultrasound and MR temperature imaging (MRTI). Predicting the power deposition pattern in the inhomogeneous tissue requires a beam propagation technique that has the ability to handle inhomogeneous acoustic properties. Beyond the innate inhomogeneities of tiss...

Ultrasonic tissue characterization has shown promise for clinical diagnosis of diseased bone (e.g., osteoporosis) by establishing correlations between bone ultrasonic characteristics and the state of disease. Porous (trabecular) bone supports propagation of two compressional modes, a fast wave and a slow wave, each of which is characterized by an approximately linear-withfrequency attenuation c...

A hybrid system integrating a power take-off (PTO) into floating breakwater is promising candidate for both shoreline protection and commercial wave energy extraction. Although geometric asymmetry important to such PTO-integrated breakwaters, its role in conversion efficiency attenuation poorly understood. In this study, two-dimensional semi-analytical model dealing with floats arbitrary bottom...