A major challenge in the management of hemodialysis patients is central venous stenosis and obstruction. Placement of central venous catheters has been shown to result in a high incidence of central venous stenosis or obstruction. There has been extensive literature on the treatment of this important and prevalent problem. Treatment options include percutaneous balloon angioplasty and bare meta...

Patellofemoral instability not only involves lateral patellar dislocation, patellar mal-tracking or subluxation but can also cause a limiting disability for sports activities. Its underlying causes are known as morphological anomalies of the patellofemoral joint or the mechanical axis, femorotibial malrotation, variants of the knee extensor apparatus, and ligamentous insufficiencies often accom...

INTRODUCTION Several options exist with regard to flexible pharyngo-laryngoscope sterilisation. We audited the use of disposable sheaths in our department over a six-month period. METHODS A cost-analysis was performed and the advantages and disadvantages of this system were compared with several alternative options. RESULTS We found that the overall cost of disposable sheaths averaged ł4008...

background :  emerging antibacterial resistance rates and beta-lactamase producing bacteria recovered from uti is an increasing problem in different regions, limiting therapeutic options. therefore, this survey consider to use the extract and essence of the citrus aurantium (which have a so many rate of planting in iran) and also survey on extract on bacteria whose cause urinary tract infection...