We present in this work an economic analysis of ransomware, with relevant data from Cryptolocker, CryptoWall, TeslaCrypt and other major strands. We include a detailed study of the impact that different price discrimination strategies can have on the success of a ransomware family, examining uniform pricing, optimal price discrimination and bargaining strategies and analysing their advantages a...

We evaluate a simple extension of the corrective training algorithm for reestimation of the acoustic parameters, using | in addition to misrecognized sentences | also a selection of correctly recognized sentences for discrimination. Our approach (called \rival training") is implementationally much less expensive than lattice{based discriminative training methods, since we apply a \hard" thresho...

We propose an image quality model based on phase and amplitude differences between a reference and a distorted image. The proposed model is motivated by the fact that polar representations can separate visual information in a more independent and efficient manner than Cartesian representations in the primary visual cortex (V1). We subsequently estimate the model parameters from a large subjecti...

Abstract In this paper, we introduce an analytical framework for the reconstruction of quantum states. The unknown state requires information a complete set observables, obtained through experimental measurements Hermitian operators usually defined as positive-operator-valued measures (POVMs). scheme involves single-qubit unambiguous discrimination POVM, which can be generalized to perform n-qu...

OBJECTIVE To compare the glaucoma diagnostic capabilities offered by Stratus and Cirrus spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS One hundred subjects with glaucoma and 74 healthy subjects were tested by Stratus and Cirrus OCT. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of average, 4-quadrant, and 12-sector retinal nerve fiber layer thicknesses and sensi...

In the evaluation of speaker recognition systems, the tradeoff between missed speakers and false alarms has always been an important diagnostic tool. NIST has defined the task of speaker detection with the associated Detection Cost Function (DCF) to evaluate performance, and introduced the DET-plot [1] as a diagnostic tool. Since the first evaluation in 1996, these evaluation tools have been em...

INTRODUCTION Prognostic models, such as the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II or III, the Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) II, and the Mortality Probability Models (MPM) II were developed to quantify the severity of illness and the likelihood of hospital survival for a general intensive care unit (ICU) population. Little is known about the performance of these m...

Humans and monkeys use both vestibular and visual motion (optic flow) cues to discriminate their direction of self-motion during navigation. A striking property of heading perception from optic flow is that discrimination is most precise when subjects judge small variations in heading around straight ahead, whereas thresholds rise precipitously when subjects judge heading around an eccentric re...