This paper presents initial ideas on a conceptual morphology in which concepts such as Fermentation, Fermented, and Fermentable are represented as combinations of a semantic root, in the example Ferment, with a modifier, in the example process, state/condition, and susceptible to process, respectively. This makes it possible to generate a large number of concepts from a much smaller list of sem...

Diagrams have many practical applications and are used in numerous settings. Indeed, it is widely recognized that diagrams are a valuable aid to intuition and help to convey ideas and information in a clear way. Traditionally, however, logicians have viewed diagrams as informal tools and, thus, could not be a part of any formal argument; only symbolic logics were seen to fulfil this role. Recen...

There is a vibrant (but minority) community among philosophical logicians seeking to resolve the paradoxes of classes, properties and truth by way of adopting some non-classical logic in which trivialising paradoxical arguments are not valid. There is also a long tradition in theoretical computer science—going back to Dana Scott’s fixed point model construction for the untyped λ-calculus [35, 3...

Vagueness and uncertainty have attracted attention of philosophers and logicians for many years. Recently AI researchers contributed essentially to this area of research. Fuzzy set theory and the theory of evidence are seemingly the most appealing ones. In this note we present a new outlook on these problems, based on the rough set theory-which seems to be a very suitable mathematical tool to d...

" Mathematicians care no more for logic than logicians for mathematics. " Augustus de Morgan, 1868 Proofs are traditionally syntactic, inductively generated objects. This paper presents an abstract mathematical formulation of propositional calculus (propositional logic) in which proofs are combinatorial (graph-theoretic), rather than syntactic. It defines a combinatorial proof of a proposition ...

Say that metaphysical indeterminacy occurs just when there is a fact such neither it nor its negation obtains. The aim of this work to shed light on the issue whether orthodox quantum mechanics provides any evidence by discussing logical, semantic, and broadly methodological presuppositions debate. I argue dispute amounts verbal disagreement between classical logicians, given Eli Hirsch’s accou...

the objective of this study was to compare an indirect elisa, based on a purified 60 kda envelope glycoprotein (gp51su), with a pourquire indirect elisa for the detection of antibodies to the bovine leukemia virus. for conducting this research, 340 serum samples were collected from two different breeds of cows (sarabi and holestin) in different herds. commercial elisa revealed positive results ...

overall 10389 snails were collected from four study areas of punjab from november 2005 to october2006. the highest prevalence (38%) was found for indoplanorbis followed by physa (17%), bellamaya(10.3%), gyraulus (10%), lymnaea (9.2%), oncomelania (9%) and the lowest was found for bulinus (6.7%).only indoplanorbis snails were found to be positive for schistosoma bovis cercaria. correlation betwe...