Axion-like particles (ALPs) appear in various new physics models with spontaneous global symmetry breaking. When the ALP mass is range of MeV to GeV, cosmology and astrophysics bounds are so far quite weak. In this work, we investigate such light ALPs through ALP-strahlung production processes $pp \to W^\pm a, Z a$ sequential decay $a \gamma\gamma$ at 14 TeV LHC an integrated luminosity 3000 fb...

Abstract In this paper, a novel proportion-integral-derivative-like particle swarm optimization (PIDLPSO) algorithm is presented with improved terminal convergence of the dynamics. A derivative control term introduced into traditional (PSO) so as to alleviate overshoot problem during stage convergence. The velocity updated according past momentum, present positions (including personal best posi...