ABSTRACT Trees which lack obvious fire-adaptive traits such as serotinous seed-bearing structures or vegetative resprouting are assumed to be at a dramatic disadvantage in recolonization via sexual recruitment after fire, because seed dispersal is invariably quite constrained. We propose an alternative strategy in masting tree species with woody cones or cone-like structures: that the large clu...

In this paper, a linear series fed Yagi-like antenna array is introduced leading to an end-fire fan beam with low sidelobe level, SLL, high front to back ratio, F/B, and wide impedance bandwidth. The array can provide −29 dB SLL at centre frequency of 16.26 GHz, −20 dB SLL bandwidth of 7.5%, 23 dB F/B and 10.6% impedance bandwidth. Further improvement in SLL can be achieved by extending narrow ...

Tallgrass prairie is disappearing because farming and development have replaced it. This ecosystem home to a unique group of plants, animals, microbial life. The processes fire, grazing by drought are important the tallgrass prairie. They can influence each other For example, pyric-herbivory interaction fire on landscape. Burned areas attract herbivores (plant eaters) like magnet. After fires, ...

In economies with a continuum of agents different types, pecuniary externalities are removed market exchanges. Agents choose from among various possible prices they want to prevail in the future and buy or sell rights these exchanges for trade. Each agent can exchange it wants without regard what any other is doing. But crucially, right trade each every priced. The fee structure has per-unit pr...

Effective from July 1, 2007 it is mandatory that all mattress sets meet the federal flammability standard CFR 1633. It is necessary to impart flame resistance that would provide at least 30min for occupants to escape fire. Changes in the flammability laws are expected on other soft furnishings of sleep products like comforters and pillows. Generally these products are often the first to be engu...

This paper presents the experiments carried out by us at Jadavpur University as part of the participation in FIRE 2015 task: Entity Extraction from Social Media Text Indian Languages (ESM-IL). The tool that we have developed for the task is based on Trigram Hidden Markov Model that utilizes information like gazetteer list, POS tag and some other word level features to enhance the observation pr...

The increasing frequency of large, high-severity fires threatens the survival of old-growth specialist fauna in fire-prone forests. Within topographically diverse montane forests, areas that experience less severe or fewer fires compared with those prevailing in the landscape may present unique resource opportunities enabling old-growth specialist fauna to survive. Statistical landscape models ...

Fire is a selective agent shaping plant traits and community assembly in fire-prone ecosystems. However, in ecosystems with no fire history, it can be a cause of land degradation when it is suddenly introduced by humans, as plant species may not be able to respond to such novel disturbance. Unlike other Mediterranean-type ecosystems (MTE) of the world, natural fires have not been frequent durin...

An improved understanding of the relative influences of climatic and landscape controls on multiple fire regime components is needed to enhance our understanding of modern fire regimes and how they will respond to future environmental change. To address this need, we analyzed the spatio-temporal patterns of fire occurrence, size, and severity of large fires (> 405 ha) in the western United Stat...