Highly efficient transmission of 1.5-microm light in a two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystal slab waveguide is experimentally demonstrated. Light waves are shown to be guided along a triple-line defect formed within a 2D crystal and vertically by a strong index-guiding mechanism. At certain wavelength ranges, complete transmission is observed, suggesting lossless guiding along this photonic one...

BACKGROUND The activity of melanopsin containing intrinsically photosensitive ganglion retinal cells (ipRGC) can be assessed by a means of pupil responses to bright blue (appr.480 nm) light. Due to age related factors in the eye, particularly, structural changes of the lens, less light reaches retina. The aim of this study was to examine how age and in vivo measured lens transmission of blue li...

A specific cause of infertility cannot be identified in at least 25% of men referred to a specialized clinic. Diagnosis of infertile men is based mainly on standard semen analysis and the observation of sperm under light microscope. The aim of our study was to find the subcellular sperm characteristics that could explain infertility in a group of teratozoospermic infertile men. Morphological ch...

This study addresses a combination of a well-developed and mild dispersion method and high-quality arc discharge single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as starting materials. Thus, we advance in fabrication of transparent, conducting films with extraordinary low material loss during SWCNT processing. The starting material was characterized by means of thermogravimetric analysis, high-resolutio...

Carbon nanotube-In2O3 nanocomposites were synthesized by sol-gel method with the help of ultrasonic radiation. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffractometer, transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometer. The UV absorbing properties were detected by the UV spectrophotometer. Photo degradation of methylene blue in aqueous solution was investigated by using CNT/In2O...

Despite its success as a clinical monitoring tool, pulse oximetry may be improved with respect to the need for empirical calibration and the reports of biases in readings associated with peripheral vasoconstriction and haemoglobin concentration. To effect this improvement, this work aims to improve the understanding of the photoplethysmography signal-as used by pulse oximeters-and investigates ...

This technique employs principles of optical spectrophotometry which exploits the fact that biological material including skull, is relatively transparent in the near infrared range. Light transmission depends on a combination of reflectance, scattering and absorption effects. Reflectance is primarily a function of the angle of the light beam to the tissue surface, while scattering decreases wi...

We present a full-wave analysis method on the transmission of a Gaussian light pulse through a spherical invisibility cloak with causal dispersions. The spatial energy distribution of the Gaussian light pulse is distorted after the transmission. A volcano-shaped spatial time-delay distribution of the transmitted light pulse is demonstrated as a concrete example in our physical model. Both the t...

VIsible light communication for advanced Driver Assistant Systems (VIDAS) is an outdoor application using the visible spectrum of light emitting diodes (LED). A simple traffic light set up based on LED traffic lights for traffic information transmission has been analyzed in this paper. Various important design parameters have been optimized through intensive investigation based on gain variatio...

Photometric evidence for a reversible, red-light induced transmission decrease in excised leaf tissue or the thalli of certain marine algae has been obtained under conditions which correspond to the occurrence of a light-induced shrinkage of chloroplasts within the cells. Evidence supporting this conclusion is: A) The kinetics of the nonspecific transmission changes are similar to those observe...