Presenilin (PS, PS1/PS2) complexes are known to be responsible for the intramembranous gamma-secretase cleavage of the beta-amyloid precursor protein and signaling receptor Notch. PS holoprotein undergoes endoproteolysis by an unknown enzymatic activity to generate NH(2)- and COOH-terminal fragments, a process that is required for the formation of the active and stable PS/-gamma-secretase compl...

This study quantified the behavior of 11 tigers during periodic access to an exercise pen throughout the day and night. The study determined the amount of time spent in the pen and the percentage of time spent performing stereotypic pacing, normal locomotor behavior, and lying down while in the pen. Average access to the exercise pen was 10 hr 49 min overnight and 5 hr 30 min during the day. At...

The γ-secretase complex is a member of the family of intramembrane cleaving proteases, involved in the generation of the Aβ peptides in Alzheimer disease. One of the four subunits of the complex, presenilin, harbors the catalytic site, although the role of the other three subunits is less well understood. Here, we studied the role of the smallest subunit, Pen-2, in vivo and in vitro. We found a...

The Onset of Semantic Web technology have promised a new vision of Personal Information Management (PIM). With the advent of Pen-based computing, PIM faces new challenges: usability and flexibility are important constraints in the pen based environment. We present our system of Semantic Pen an augmented pen based PIM system that merges the efficiency of semantic web with the usability of pen ba...

This paper describes the creation of a Kinetic Pen capable of measuring the six-component force and torque that each of four individual contacts applies to the pen during writing. This was done by staggering the mounting of the four sensors along the long axis of the pen and having an extended arm run from the sensor to the grip site, preventing a clustering of the sensors where the digit tips ...

In recent years the studies of freehand sketch began to peek into cognitive study area from the design media aspect. The development of pen-based system attempted to use pen as an input device, allowing sketches to be freely drawn in computers environment. The importance of the freehand sketch is in its ability to freely represent various drawing projections using ambiguous sketches. However, a...

BACKGROUND The efficacy of lumbar percutaneous epidural neuroplasty (PEN) as a minimally invasive technique has been relatively well investigated, but the clinical effectiveness of cervical PEN (C-PEN) has yet to be established. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare clinical outcomes between C-PEN and cervical epidural steroid injection (C-ESI). STUDY DESIGN Randomized control ...

PURPOSE To determine the speed, accuracy, ease of use, and user satisfaction of various electronic data entry platforms for use in the collection of mammography clinical trials data. METHOD AND MATERIALS Four electronic data entry platforms were tested: standalone personal digital assistant (PDA), Tablet PC, digitizer Tablet/PDA Hybrid (DTP Hybrid), and digital pen (d-pen). Standard paper dat...

This study examined competition effects on ADG in the feedlot of 1,882 Hereford bulls representing 8 birth years from a selection experiment. Each year, 8 feedlot pens were used to feed bulls in groups, with 2 pens nested within each of the 4 selection lines. Gains were recorded for up to 8 periods of 28 d. Models for analyses included pen effects (fixed or random), fixed effects such as year a...