This article proposes and illustrates a new lower bound on the economic benefits of reducing the number of deaths due to a particular cause and specifies the underlying economic and demographic assumptions. Unlike previous estimates of the increase in a population's output due to the extension of working lives, this new bound includes the present value to the existing population of avoiding fut...

The phenomenon of senescence requires both evolutionary and proximate explanations. The most widely accepted evolutionary explanation for senescence is that it never gets exposed to natural selection because environmental hazards kill all individuals before the age at which senescence causes decreased fitness. If this explanation is sufficient, wild populations should not demonstrate senescence...

dried fruit mite, carpoglyphus lactis l. not only to being one of the serious and economic pests of some stored products, but also to be used as an alternative prey for commercially mass rearing of predatory mites. in this study, life table parameters of dried fruit mite were examined on baker's yeast under laboratory conditions at three photoperiods including full darkness, full light and 16 :...

This article integrates two methods that analyze the implications of various causes of death for life expectancy. One of the methods attributes changes in life expectancy to various causes of death; the other method examines the effect of removing deaths from a particular cause on life expectancy. This integration is accomplished by new formulas that make clearer the interactions among causes o...

This study addresses the mortality of the members of the Saxonian Academy of Sciences and Humanities in Leipzig. In fact, learned societies have been shown to present vanguard groups in the achievement of longevity. We use biographical records from the members of the Saxonian Academy of Sciences from 1846 to 2010 and compare their mortality to German life table estimates, where particularly att...

In this paper we summarize the main parts of the first exit time theory developed in connection to the life table data and the resulting theoretical and applied issues. Several new tools arise from the development of this theory and especially the Health State Function and some important characteristics of this function. Special attention has being done in the presentation of the health state f...

From the time of De Moivre (1725), suggestions have been made as to the law of mortality as a mathematical formula, of which the most famous is perhaps that of Gompertz (1825). Since John Graunt (1620–1674) life tables had been constructed empirically. These life tables represented mortality over the whole human lifespan, and it was natural to ask if the mathematical functions defined by the li...

Further to the proposal and application of a stochastic methodology and the resulting first exit time distribution function to life table data we introduce a theoretical framework for the estimation of the maximum deterioration age and to explore on how “vitality,” according to Halley and Strehler and Mildvan, changes during the human lifetime. The mortality deceleration or mortality leveling-o...

This study addresses the mortality of the members of a learned society. Following the literature on the social gradient of mortality, members of a learned society should exhibit much lower death rates than other social groups. We use biographical records from the members of the Austrian Academy of Sciences between 1847 and 2005 and compare their mortality to Austrian life table death rates of t...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the characteristics of strabismus in infants who underwent cataract surgery with and without intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. DESIGN Secondary outcome analysis in a prospective, randomized clinical trial. PARTICIPANTS The Infant Aphakia Treatment Study is a randomized, multicenter (n = 12), clinical trial comparing treatment of aphakia with a primary IOL or contact...