abstract background: one of the most important problems after episiotomy is perineal pain which is more severe on the first day of postpartum period. the aim of this study was to compare the analgesic effects of indomethacin suppository and lidocaine cream in the management of post‑episiotomy pain. materials and methods: in a randomized, controlled trial, 60 primiparous women who had mediolater...

BACKGROUND The author reviewed the history of, federal regulations regarding, risks of and adverse drug reactions of five compound topical anesthetics: tetracaine, adrenaline/epinephrine and cocaine (TAC); lidocaine, adrenaline/epinephrine and tetracaine (LET); lidocaine, tetracaine and phenylephrine (TAC 20 percent Alternate); lidocaine, prilocaine and tetracaine (Profound); and lidocaine, pri...

To the Editor: Although the Bier block has been used as a treatment for sympathetically-maintained pain (SMP) for many years, the selection of agents remains controversial. Different drug classes have been used, including alpha-adrenergic blockers (guanethidine, reserpine, bretylium), alpha-2 agonists (clonidine), nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents (ketorolac, tenoxicam), local anesthetics (l...

The development of topical anesthetics has provided the family physician with multiple options in anesthetizing open and intact skin. The combination of tetracaine, adrenaline (epinephrine), and cocaine, better known as TAC, was the first topical agent available for analgesia of lacerations to the face and scalp. Cocaine has been replaced with lidocaine in a newer formulation called LET (lidoca...

Foreign bodies in the external auditory canal may cause otalgia, and live insects have been reported among the causes. A number of methods have been used to immobilize the live insects. In our manuscript, we describe immobilization of an insect and provision of analgesia using EMLA cream.

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the etiologic factors of acquired methemoglobinemia in infants younger than three months in our region. METHODS This study was carried out retrospectively in infants with methemoglobinemia admitted to Karadeniz Technical University, Pediatric Clinic, during the period 2000-2009. Infants with methemoglobinemia were identified according to the medical rec...

Plasma levels of local anaesthetics following their injection are affected by many factors. Serial plasma levels following injection of lignocaine and prilocaine at various rates in over 500 patients have been measured and this has allowed some of these factors to be assessed and quantified. The vascularity of the site of injection causes major differences in the maximum plasma level. Prilocain...