background & aim: in recent years using from plant product has been considered wildly as main factor for preventing pathogenic diseases cassed by attacking viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites. there are some funguses which could be the factors for affliction of some diseases in human, plants and animals. plant extracts are those which could act and be used as preventing from these diseas...

OBJECTIVE To demonstrate the clinical, radiological and diagnostic pitfalls of managing an isolated frontal sinus fungus ball, and to compare with the literature. MATERIAL AND METHODS Retrospective analysis of two cases and literature review. RESULTS Isolated frontal sinus fungus ball is a rare cause of frontal sinus disease. We present two cases of isolated frontal sinus fungus ball which ...

Background & Aim: In recent years using from plant product has been considered wildly as main factor for preventing pathogenic diseases cassed by attacking viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites. There are some funguses which could be the factors for affliction of some diseases in human, plants and animals. Plant extracts are those which could act and be used as preventing from these diseases a...

beauveria bassiana (balsamo) vuillemin is an important natural regulator of insect populations. identification of a suitable molecular marker for detecting a virulent phenotype on a target pest would be useful in screening for effective isolates against the pest. nine isolates of b. bassiana were tested for their virulence to adults of tribolium castaneum (herbst) in laboratory bioassay with 1×...

during a survey in 2015, three dark-winged fungus gnat species, bradysia odoriphaga yang & zhang, 1985, bradysia trivittata staeger, 1840and scatopsciara atomariazetterstedt, 1851 were identified and recorded here from iran for the first time. the genus scatopsciara edwards, 1927 is newly recorded from iran as well. the identification of specimens were confirmed by dr kai heller (germany). the ...

During colony growth, leaf-cutting ants enlarge their nests by excavating tunnels and chambers housing their fungus gardens and brood. Workers are expected to excavate new nest chambers at locations across the soil profile that offer suitable environmental conditions for brood and fungus rearing. It is an open question whether new chambers are excavated in advance, or will emerge around brood o...