types of grammatical and semantic "attributes ' scheme. fit in to the This paper describes a lexical organization in which "senses" are represented in their own right, along wi th "words" and "phrases", by distinct data items. The objective of the scheme is to facilitate recognition and employment of synonyms and stock phrases by programs which process natural language. Besides presenting the p...

To achieve adequate description of an understudied tone language, we argue for unsupervised computational modeling of lexical tone, even at the earliest stages of documentation. We apply a technique using eigenvalues and discriminant analysis to differentiate lexical tones on monosyllabic items in Iu Mien. The resulting ‘eigenpitch’ representations can be used to evaluate the differences and si...

The term “argument structure” is used here to refer to the syntactic configuration projected by a lexical item. It is the system of structural relations holding between heads (nuclei) and arguments linked to them in the roster of syntactic properties listed for individual items in the lexicon. While a lexical entry is much more than this, of course, argument structure in the sense intended here...

The question how prior knowledge of words affects processing of nonwords is important with respect to the study of lexical access and lexical competition. According to the Neighbourhood Activation model (Luce & Pisoni, 1998), the auditory presentation of a word or nonword yields automatic activation of all words in the mental lexicon that sound similar. Experimental results with unimpaired list...

An exception to a non-categorical generalization consists of a lexical item that exhibits the general pattern at a rate radically different – either far higher or far lower – from the norm. Lexical differences in noun phrases containing non-subject relative clauses (NSRCs) correlate with large differences in the likelihood that the NSRC will begin with that. In particular, the choices of determ...

One of the main ways to acquire unfamiliar words is to make guesses about words meaning. This study investigates the comparative effects of pictorial annotations and morphological instructions on Iranian EFL learners’ lexical inferencing ability. Considering homogeneity issues using PET (Preliminary English Test), the researchers assigned the participants into two experimental and one control g...

Literature is replete with the studies focusing on the role of vocabulary knowledge in second language receptive skills. However, the relationship between the aspects of vocabulary knowledge and productive skills in general, and the speaking performance in particular has remained scanty in the related literature. This paper examined the relationship between knowledge of L2 vocabulary size at di...

& Lexical proficiency, as a cognitive construct, is poorly understood. However, lexical proficiency is an important element of language proficiency and fluency, especially for second language (L2) learners. For example, lexical errors are a common cause of L2 miscommunication (Ellis, 1995). Lexical proficiency is also an important attribute of L2 academic achievement (Daller, van Hout, & Treffe...

We will address the issue of designing MT systems where the capability to reuse grammars taken off the shelf is maximized, thus restricting the need for application-specific work. Or. to put it in a slightly different way, our proposal is aimed at encouraging the development of pure grammars (i.e. grammars describing languages in the abstract), to be contrasted with those which are extensively ...

The purpose of the study was to activate the passive lexical knowledge through noticing and to investigate the effect of sentence writing as the post task of noticing activity on strengthening the effect of noticing. Forty-two Iranian female adult upper-intermediate English students of a state university in 2 homogenous groups participated in noticing the lexical items whose production were not...