Though Dutch is usually described as lacking a voicing contrast at the velar place of articulation, due to intense language contact and heavy lexical borrowing, between /k/ /g/ has recently been emerging. We explored status this in speakers both production perception. asked participants produce loanwords containing source (e.g., goal) found range productions, including great many unadapted [g] ...

An efficient resource sharing strategy is proposed for multimedia wireless networks. Assume the channel resource in a wireless system is partitioned into two sets: one for voice calls and one for video calls. In the proposed channel borrowing strategy, voice calls can borrow channels from those pre-allocated to video calls temporarily when all voice channels are busy. A threshold type decision ...

A small depository institution with a history of a pronounced seasonal increase in loans relative to deposits may borrow a substantial portion of its projected excess from a Federal Reserve Bank at the basic discount rate. In the aggregate, this seasonal borrowing program provides only a scant source of funds to the financial system, within a framework that is essentially the same as when the p...

Our objective in this article is to study analytically the effect of borrowing constraints on asset returns. We explicitly characterize the equilibrium for an exchange economy with two agents who differ in their risk aversion and are prohibited from borrowing. In a representative-agent economy with CRRA preferences, the Sharpe ratio of equity returns and the riskfree rate are linked by the risk...

Models of investment and borrowing for education typically treat the family as a unitary decision-maker. Doing so may conceal the nature of borrowing constraints, since adults with college-age children are likely at a life-cycle stage where credit constraints are not important. We instead propose a simple model of altruistic parents and a child where both parties can make investments for educat...

It is often the case that banks in the US are willing to borrow in the fed funds market (the interbank market for funds) at higher rates than the ones they could obtain by borrowing at the Fed’s discount window. This phenomenon is commonly explained as the consequence of the existence of a stigma effect attached to borrowing from the window. We provide a model where market participants may rega...

Financial market frictions distort the allocation of resources among productive units—all else equal, firms whose financing choices are affected by financial frictions face higher borrowing costs than firms with ready access to capital markets. As a result, input choices may differ systematically across firms in ways that are unrelated to their productive efficiency. We propose a simple account...

this article studies the generative grammar approach and some other theories driven from it to lexicon and lexical entries. generative grammar is known as a syntax-based theory, so some aspects of language which have been studied in this theory may have been ignored in other theories. this article shows that more attention has been given to lexicon and lexical entries since 50s. we may claim th...

The present study investigated the effect of different types of text simplification (i.e., reducing the lexical and syntactic complexity of texts) on reading comprehension of English as a Foreign Language learners (EFL). Sixty female intermediate EFL learners from three intact classes in Tabarestan Language Institute in Tehran participated in the study. The intact classes were assigned to three...