The current reform of Slovakia’s tax system is a part the country’s comprehensive and levies reform. should contribute to improving making public finances more efficient. However, its implementation in practice problematic due attitudes problems both professional business entities. aim this contribution help students entities understand reforms. based on information from main actors data were o...

Aviation is responsible for at least 3.5% of global warming, and demand predicted to rise rapidly over the next few decades. To reverse this trend, air travel will need be managed. An important question is: ‘who would affected by reduction policies’? The answer that largely depends on who participating in travel, how unequally it distributed. Existing analysis suggests participation UK highly u...

Abstract Background Oesophageal Cancer (OC) treatment levies substantial financial burden on Health Services and Best Supportive Care (BSC) outcomes are poor. Potentially Curative Surgery with or without Chemotherapy is offered to patients locally advanced disease this study aimed examine costs related life-years gained in having potentially curative (oesophagectomy) those receiving (BSC). Meth...

BACKGROUND Breast-feeding rates in the UK are known to vary by maternal socio-economic status but the latter function is imperfectly defined. We test if CTVB (Council Tax Valuation Band - a categorical assessment of UK property values and amenities governing local tax levies) of maternal address predicts, in a large UK regional sample of births, (a) breast-feeding (b) personal and socio-economi...

This issue marks the last edition of Clinical and Investigative Medicine under the leadership of Dr. David Bevan. Dr. Bevan has been the Editor-in-Chief of CIM for the past six years. During this time, CIM, as the official journal of the Canadian Society for Clinical Investigation, underwent several major changes. First, CIM was bought from the CMA and is now independently produced. Second, CIM...

Conservationists are continually seeking new strategies to reverse population declines and safeguard against species extinctions. Here we evaluate the potential efficacy of a recently proposed approach to offset a major anthropogenic threat to many marine vertebrates: incidental bycatch in commercial fisheries operations. This new approach, compensatory mitigation for marine bycatch (CMMB), is ...

Wheat has significantly impacted food security in numerous countries. Like the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, Jordan’s daily diet contains a sizable amount of wheat. Further, Jordan is dealing with several issues, including rapid population growth, water scarcity, widespread urbanization, limited agricultural wheat production. Thus, it imports most its products. Moreover, method se...

Copyright © 2001 by J. Clifton Fleming, Jr., Robert Peroni & Stephen E. Shay. All rights reserved.The ability-to-pay fairness concept is a key factor underlying the historic U.S. policy of relying principally on income tax to finance federal government expenditures. Indeed major justification for this reliance, as opposed significant dependence consumption levies, that system spreading cost...

Biodiversity conservation “area-selection” strategies include not only trade-offs among society’s needs in land-use allocation, but also allocation of economic instruments such as incentives, levies, and biodiversity credits. For these applications, the key property of an area is its “complementarity”—the context-dependent, marginal gain in biodiversity provided by the area. Given that there ha...

Nigeria has an estimated population of 186 million with 23% of eligible children aged 12-23 months fully immunized. Government spending on routine immunization per surviving infant has declined since 2006 meaning the immunization budget needs to improve. By 2020, Nigeria will be ineligible for additional Global Alliance for Vaccination and Immunization (Gavi) grants and will be facing an annual...