A rare case of unilateral third head of sternocleidomastoid and an extra muscle – levator claviculae were determined unilaterally in a 70-year-old male cadaver during the routine dissections. In the left neck side, it was observed that the sternocleidomastoid muscle also had a third part in addition to known sternal and clavicular heads and levator claviculae muscle which arose from the posteri...

PURPOSE Although several reports of supernumerary orbital muscles related to the levator palpebrae superioris have been published, no case has been associated with congenital eyelid retraction. This report describes an apparent causal relationship between an accessory levator muscle slip and congenital eyelid retraction. METHODS Case report and literature review. RESULTS Release of the anom...

background and importance: symptomatic vasospasm is a well-known pathology associated with ruptured aneurysms. nevertheless, this condition is rarely found as a result of skull base tumor removal. case presentation: we reported a new case of 40-year-old woman previously treated for a tuberculum and diaphragma sellae meningioma showing symptomatic vasospasm after twelve post-operative days witho...

137 Received: December 29, 2008. Accepted: March 24, 2009. Corresponding author: Seong Ho Chang, M.D., Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University, Anam Hospital, 126-1, Anam-dong 5ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-705, Korea. Tel: 82-2-920-5771, Fax: 82-2929-2936, E-mail: [email protected] Copyright c Korean Society of Anesthesiologists, 2009 cc This is an open-access article d...

OBJECTIVE To date, the evidence on pelvic floor injury in labor remains sketchy due to a lack of prospective studies comparing pelvic floor imaging before and after childbirth. We intended to define the incidence of major trauma to the pubovisceral muscle. METHODS A total of 61 nulliparous women were seen at 36-40 weeks of gestation in a prospective observational study. The assessment include...

OBJECTIVE To determine intrapartum risk factors associated with levator trauma as identified by ultrasound imaging. DESIGN A prospective observational study. SETTING Antenatal clinic of a tertiary hospital between May 2005 and February 2008. POPULATION Nulliparous women (n=488) in their first ongoing pregnancy. METHODS An interview and four-dimensional translabial ultrasound was carried...

OBJECTIVE To clarify whether the 'plane of minimal dimensions' of the levator hiatus on three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound accurately represents the minimal anatomical transverse hiatal dimension during a Valsalva maneuver. METHODS In this retrospective study of 3D transperineal ultrasound and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, datasets from 19 female participants were used to measure the transv...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the differences between Asian and Caucasian upper eyelid anatomy through cadaver dissection, histopathological study, and magnetic resonance imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS Upper eyelids of 9 Korean and 5 Caucasian cadavers were dissected, and then were studied microscopically with hematoxylin-eosin, Masson trichrome, and elastin stains. Four healthy young Korean men were...

AIM We assessed pubovisceral muscle (PVM) defects, levator hiatal dimensions and anal sphincter defects using three-dimensional (3D) endovaginal and anorectal ultrasonography in women with previous vaginal delivery and faecal incontinence to determine the relationship between anatomic/functional findings and severity of faecal incontinence symptoms. METHOD This was a prospective, observationa...