letter to the editor

letter to the editor

letter to the editor

introduction: nickel (ni) is one of the toxic heavy metals that exposure to it has been connected with chronic respiratory complications such as asthma, chronic bronchitis, lung cancer and heart disease. in this research, original studies that investigated occupational or environmental exposure to nickel and  measured nickel levels in human tissues were reviewed. materials and methods: in this ...

glutaraldehyde is commonly used in endoscopy labs to clean and disinfect instruments. it can cause direct irritation of the skin and the upper and lower airways. health care workers are also at risk for the development of irritant-induced or sensitizer-induced occupational asthma when exposed to this chemical. herein, we report on a patient who had frequent exposures to glutaraldehyde over one ...

We tested the hypothesis that crowding effects are responsible for the reading slowness characteristic of developmental dyslexia. A total of twenty-nine Italian dyslexics and thirty-three age-matched controls participated in various parts of the study. In Experiment 1, we measured contrast thresholds for identifying letters and words as a function of stimulus duration. Thresholds were higher in...

We describe a letter-by-letter patient who produced misreading errors in both letters in isolation and in words. All errors were visual in nature. We hypothesized an access deficit to the abstract visual representation of letters that prevents letter identification. This deficit could account for the patient's letter-by-letter behavior, since each letter constituted a potential identification p...

purpose: e is a commonly use letter for illiterates or those who could not read english to measure visual acuity. the e chart is the mainly used charts in iran. however, they do not have the standards. they are in different format, fixed for 6 meter test, with or without lighting, with unequal number of letters in each line and different contrasts. as a result, there is an essential need for a ...