In the tropics, habitat fragmentation alters forest-climate interactions in diverse ways. On a local scale (less than 1 km), elevated desiccation and wind disturbance near fragment margins lead to sharply increased tree mortality, thus altering canopy-gap dynamics, plant community composition, biomass dynamics and carbon storage. Fragmented forests are also highly vulnerable to edge-related fir...

It is believed that orphan afterglow searches can help to measure the beaming angle in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Great expectations have been put on this method. We point out that the method is in fact not as simple as we originally expected. Due to the baryon-rich environment that is common to almost all popular progenitor models, there should be many failed gamma-ray bursts, i.e., fireballs wi...

Spectral irradiance calibrations often require that irradiance standard lamps be oriented differently than the normal calibration orientation used at the National Institute of Standards and Technology and at other standards laboratories. For example, in solar measurements the instruments are generally upward viewing, requiring horizontal working standards for minimization of irradiance calibrat...

The Alpine lake whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) species complex is a classic example of a recent radiation, associated with colonization of the Alpine lakes following the glacial retreat (less than 15 kyr BP). They have formed a unique array of endemic lake flocks, each with one to six described sympatric species differing in morphology, diet and reproductive ecology. Here, we present a genomic...

We have developed a 3D measuring system that uses two pan-tilt cameras to accurately measure the position of a robot’s hand. With this system, a target is set up at the tip of the robot’s hand. The pan-tilt cameras are controlled so that the midpoint of the target view is centered within the camera frames. Then, its 3D position is calculated using a triangulation method from the azimuth and ele...

Previous investigation found that the speed of saccadic eye movements is enhanced when a temporal interval (gap) is introduced between the disappearance of a foveal fixation mark and the appearance of a peripheral target (the gap paradigm). Attention was shown to be involved in the gap paradigm. Here, we investigated relevant temporal and spatial characteristics of attention, manipulating centr...

We could not understand the reason for assuming an absolute precision of exactly 4% (and not 2, 5 or 10%) for a one time observation of a fact (wearing spectacles) with a binary outcome (yes‐no) and binomial distribution, when no previous studies stating variability on the subject are available from the area. If a meta‐analysis has been used it should be discussed rather than leaving for assump...