BRs (brassinosteroids), an endogenous hormone in plants, regulate cellulose accumulation, cell elongation and plant growth. Propiconazole (PCZ) is effective inhibitor of BR biosynthesis. DCB (2,6-Dichlorobenzonitrile) can inhibit the synthesis affects chemical composition walls. Celery one important leafy vegetable Apiaceae family with rich dietary fiber (including cellulose). The petioles leng...

A research project was conducted to investigate the impact of different types lighting on growth, yield, and quality Kale (Brassica oleracea var Acephala), under Prayagraj Agro Climatic conditions. The experiment comprised treatments T0 (Outdoor sunlight), T1 (LED bulb white), T2 tube T3 (General bulb), T4 full spectrum), T5 white + LED T6 T7 T8 spectrum). To study's findings, among various tre...

To investigate the effects of different types irradiation on growth and morphological characteristics leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. crispa “Greenwave”), a quantitative analysis contour using an elliptic Fourier descriptor (EFD) was carried out together with conventional measurement methods. Two experiments were conducted to test treatments. Experiment 1 investigated monochromatic/alterna...

abstract background: critical care patients are at higher risk for untreated pain. pain has persistent and untreated effects on most of the body systems and results in development of complications, chronic pain, and increased length of stay. the aim of this study was to determine the effects of the implementation of a pain management program on the length of stay in patients with decreased leve...

Nymphaea has seven species already catalogued in the flood prone areas of the Brazilian Pantanal. However, some species remain difficult to identify and descriptions of the anatomy of vegetative organs are an important tool for infrageneric separation to aid in group taxonomy. The species collected in the Pantanal and prepared according to the usual techniques for anatomical studies showed simi...

Single-vein leaves have the simplest hydraulic design possible, yet even this linear water delivery system can be modulated to improve physiological performance. We determined the optimal distribution of transport capacity that minimizes pressure drop per given investment in xylem permeability along the needle for a given length without a change in total water delivery, or maximizes needle leng...

Upward physical restraint of the normally horizontal bracts of poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd.) resulted in increased ethylene production and epinastic curvature of the petioles after 5 days. Downward restraint caused little change in ethylene production or epinasty, indicating that the enhanced ethylene production observed in petioles bent upwards is not due to the bending stress alon...

To develop antibody probes for the neutral side chains of pectins, antisera were generated to a pectic galactan isolated from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) pericarp cell walls and to a (1[->]4)-[beta]-galactotetraose-bovine serum albumin neoglycoprotein. The use of these two antisera in immunochemical assays and immunolocalization studies indicated that they had very similar specificities. A...

Vegetation stands have a heterogeneous distribution of light quality, including the red/far-red light ratio (R/FR) that informs plants about proximity of neighbors. Adequate responses to changes in R/FR are important for competitive success. How the detection and response to R/FR are spatially linked and how this spatial coordination between detection and response affects plant performance rema...