The main message of this position paper is that technology need not necessarily be an obstacle to privacy protection: if legal and social issues are considered from the outset, then technology can also be used to allow individuals to exercise their rights. We believe that the key issue is to devise techniques able to support ambitious privacy protection policies while allowing for the flexibili...

As an international legal instrument, the International Health Regulations (IHR) is internationally binding in 196 countries, especially in all the member states of the World Health Organization (WHO). The IHR aims to prevent, protect against, control, and respond to the international spread of disease and aims to cut out unnecessary interruptions to traffic and trade. To meet IHR requirements,...

Transformations of signed documents raise questions of technical and organisational nature which render the legal security of the transformed document doubtful. In particular, digital signatures of originals break depriving documents of probative force. This report elucidates legal problems, and introduces fundamental concepts of legally secure document transformations in a deliberately generic...

This article examines a number of contractual issues generated by the advent of intelligent agent applications. The aim of the study is to provide legal guidelines for developers of intelligent agent software by addressing the contractual difficulties associated with automated electronic transactions. The author investigates whether the requirements for a legally enforceable contract are satisf...

Analytical methods for the qualitative and quantitative detection of genetically modified (GM) products may serve multiple purposes. Legal requirements differ among jurisdictions, ranging from no requirements to mandatory use of event-specific quantitation and implementation of production chain traceability. Although efforts have been taken to harmonize the analytical methodology at national, r...